EXHIBIT AT PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION. 203 



They represent the Eskimo who inhabit Greenland, the shores of 

 northern Labrador, and Hudson Bay adjoining-. The figure at the 

 right is that of a young woman of southwestern Greenland, her dress 

 resembling that of a Lapp. Her people have been under instruc- 

 tion of Moravian missionaries for generations. The middle figure 

 represents the native right-hand man of the intrepid whalers, who 

 before the discovery of coal oil ransacked Hudson Bay for oil and 

 baleen. The woman at the left is from Ungava Bay. and is dressed in 

 aboriginal costume of reindeer fur, little modified by outside influences. 

 Her loose, roomy garments correspond with those figured by the early 

 voyagers. In her left hand she carries a large wooden plate, while 

 the right is lifted to ease the headband which passes around the fore- 

 head, sustaining the babe held in the hood behind. The eastern Eskimo 

 are especially interesting on account of their association with the 

 exploring expeditions sent out in the last century to search for the 

 northwest passage and the North Pole. 



The third case (Plate 25) contains three lay figures of the western 

 Eskimo, who inhabit the shores of the northwestern seas from the 

 mouth of the Mackenzie River around Alaska to Mount St. Elias. 

 Their mode of dress and living varies according to the animals on 

 which they depend and the contact they have had with other races. 

 In this group will be seen a woman and child from the Mackenzie 

 River district dressed in caribou skins, a man from about Norton 

 Sound holding his barbed harpoon, and a woman from Bristol Bay 

 clad in marmot skins. The Mackenzie and Bristol Bay people are out 

 of touch with the great fleet of whalers, and their arts are not greatly 

 modified, but tin 1 Norton Sound Eskimo have been under instruction 

 of Russians and Americans for more than a hundred years. 



The fourth group (Plate 20) illustrates the Chilkat Indian family of 

 the North Pacific ethnic province. They live on Lynn Canal, or 

 channel, in southeastern Alaska, and belong to the same family as the 

 better-known Tlinkits. They are selected to stand as a type of the 

 region because they are the only tribe that still retains in a measure the 

 aboriginal costume. They are in commercial contact with the Atha- 

 pascan family over the mountains to the east, from whom they obtain 

 horns and wool of the arctic goat. The wool is used in making the 

 famous Chilkat blankets, which are not woven in a loom, but the 

 foundation strands are suspended from a bar of wood and fall free 

 at the ends or are tied up in bundles. The figures of the design are 

 inserted separately, as in a gobelin tapestry. The men of the tribe 

 carve the utensils and ceremonial objects from wood and horn. In 

 this group we see, sitting on the floor, a man carving a wooden mask. 

 He is dressed in a buckskin suit, whose decorations show contact with 

 the Thine tribes over the mountains. The woman opposite is engaged 

 in making a basket, with her babe in its cradle by her side. Standing 



