204 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1901. 



behind is a young girl offering food in a carved wooden dish to a 

 man who wears one of the fine Chilkat blankets over his shoulders. 

 Usually the food dish is placed on the ground and the men sit or squat 

 about it, the women eating separately. The costumes are of buckskin 

 made in the primitive style, and numerous articles pertaining to the 

 household or employed in the arts are scattered about the group. 



The Hupa Indians (Plate 27), shown in the fifth group, inhabit the 

 valley of the same name in northwestern California. They represent 

 in this series of family groups the mixed tribes of California and Ore- 

 gon. Physically the Hupa stand between the large-bodied Sioux and 

 the under-sized Pueblo Indians. In language they belong to the 

 Athapascan family in common with the Tinne of Canada and the 

 Apache and Navaho of Arizona. They live on a mixed diet of meat, 

 fish, and acorns; dress in deerskin, and are fond of personal ornament. 

 Their better houses are of cedar planks and the floor is slightly sunken 

 beneath the surface of the ground. An important industry among 

 them is the harvesting, transporting, storing, and milling of acorns, 

 together with the preparation of food from the meal. 



In this group the man is making tire with the twirling drill, the 

 standing woman carries a load of acorns just gathered, and the sitting 

 woman is pulverizing acorns in a stone mortar surmounted by a basket 

 hopper held in place by the miller's knees. 



Group 6 (Plate 28) illustrates a Sioux family, which is taken as a 

 type of the inhabitants of the Great Plains ethnic province. It is on 

 these plains that the Sioux, Algonkin, and Kiowa developed their 

 peculiar culture. The activities of all these tribes were created and 

 fostered by the buffalo — including their food, dress, tents, tools, uten- 

 sils, aits, industries, social life, lore, and religion. In the group 

 appear the man, who is the hunter, returning Avith a trophy of the 

 chase; the wife, who is butcher, tanner, clothier, purveyor, pack ani- 

 mal, and general drudge, is dressing a hide; the young girl is beading 

 a moccasin for her sister, who is interested in the work. The smaller 

 boy, with bow and arrow, welcomes the father. The tribes of the 

 Great Plains are thought to have been in early times sedentary, but 

 the acquisition of the horse and the gun fostered a more roving life. 



Group 7 (Plate 29) illustrates a Navaho Indian family of the 

 Pueblo province. They belong to the Athapascan family, whose 

 home is in northwestern Canada and central Alaska. They are among 

 the most interesting tribes of the United States since, under Spanish 

 direction, they laid aside their wild hunting habits, becoming herdsmen 

 of sheep and other domestic animals and learning to weave and to work 

 in metals. Their kinsmen, the Apache, on the other hand, fled from 

 the conquerors and remained little affected by civilization down to the 

 present time. 



The group includes three figures. The man is at work with modern 



