EXHIBIT AT PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION. 207 



DWELLING GROUP MODELS. 



The second most important concept available for Pan-American 

 presentation embraces the arts and industries of the people. First in 

 order among- these is architecture — the building arts — represented by 

 the dwelling or the cluster of houses and outbuildings occupied by a 

 family or communal group. On account of the lack of room these 

 subjects had to be presented by models on a small scale — one twenty- 

 fourth actual size — but it was found that all essential details could be 

 reproduced and that something of the people and their occupations 

 could be shown. The subjects were selected, as were the lay-figure 

 family groups, to represent type peoples distributed at intervals 

 between the far north and the far south. The series begins with the 

 snow house of north Greenland and ends with the skin-covered wind- 

 break of southern Patagonia. 



The list of dwelling group models completed for the Exposition is 

 as follows: 



1. Snow houses of the Greenland Eskimo. 



2. Earth house of the Alaskan Eskimo. 



3. Wooden dwellings of the Haida, representing the North- 



west coast tribes. 

 1. Skin and bark-covered lodges of the Montagnais Indians, 

 Labrador. 



5. Dwellings of the Sierra (Digger) Indians. California. 



6. Skin lodges of the Great Plains Indians. 



7. Grass houses of the Wichita Indians, Indian Territory. 



8. Earth lodges of the Pawnee Indians, Dakota. 



9. Cliff dwellings (ruins), Arizona. 



10. Grass and adobe houses of the Papago Indians, old style, 



Arizona. 



11. Pile dwellings of the Venezuela tribes, South America. 



12. Skin shelters of the Patagonians, South America. 



The series was intended to include sixteen groups, but in the limited 

 time allowed the work could not be completed. 



The first model of the series (Plate 35) shows a dwelling group 

 of Central Eskimo. These people live on the area between Hudson 

 Strait and Baffin Bay. Their winter houses are built of blocks of 

 compacted snow laid up in a spiral manner, forming a dome. The 

 blocks are some 3 feet long, 2 feet high, and 6 inches thick. The 

 main chamber of the house varies from 5 to 12 feet in height and 

 from 7 to 15 feet in diameter. Over the entrance a square is cut 

 out and covered with seal intestine for a window. The main domed 

 chamber is connected by passageways with one or more subor- 

 dinate chambers which serve as storerooms. In the summer the 

 natives fish in the open water; in winter seals are taken by cutting 



