208 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1901. 



holes in the ice. The clothing of the men and women is made from 

 skins of seals and deer, and consists of outside and inside trousers, 

 jackets -those of the women having hoods — boots, and inside boots or 

 socks made of light deerskin or birdskin. 



In the second model of the series (Plate 36) we have a dwelling of 

 the Kinugmut Eskimo, taken as a type of the Alaskan region. The 

 Kings Island people are Kinugmut Eskimo, the same as at Port Clar- 

 ence and Bering Strait. Their island has steep shores and their houses 

 often resemble cliff structures. The structures here shown include 

 the large communal house and the frame for keeping food out of the 

 reach of the dogs. The house is built of logs set on end and a cob- 

 work of logs resting on these. The whole is covered with earth and 

 moss. Entrance is at the outer end of a long gallery and ventilation 

 is through the roof. A portion has been cut out of one face of the 

 model to expose to view the interior arrangements of the dwellings. 

 There are side rooms for storage. The Port Clarence Eskimo live by 

 hunting sea mammals and by fishing. This special locality is now 

 interesting, since the United States is there making the experiment of 

 introducing the domesticated reindeer. 



The third model (Plate 37) illustrates a dwelling group of the 

 Montagnais Indians, a type of the eastern Canadian province. The 

 Montagnais are of Algonquin stock, and were distributed formerly 

 throughout Labrador as far north as Ungava Ba} r . They lived by 

 hunting and fishing. Their dwellings are of skins laid on a frame- 

 work of poles, not sewed together, but held down by trunks of small 

 trees leaned against the outside and stones piled around the base. 

 The group includes finished tents, wood pile, staging filled with skins 

 and robes, men [tainting a robe, women drying skins, and birch-bark 

 canoes. The Montagnais dress in deerskin robes, quite like those of 

 the Eskimo, their neighbors, but well made and decorated with paint 

 rather than embroidery. Their canoes are of bark, and not of skins, 

 as are those of their neighbors in the north. 



The fourth model (Plate 38) represents a dwelling group of the 

 Haida Indians, a type of the north Pacific ethnic region. The Haida 

 Indians inhabit the Queen Charlotte Islands, lying in the Pacific Ocean 

 75 miles north of Vancouver Island. The} r are a separate linguistic 

 family. Their houses are in the form of a regular parallelogram, 

 averaging 50 feet in width and 35 feet in depth. Posts were planted 

 in the ground, joined by means of timber, and these were covered on 

 the roof and sides anciently with hewn planks. In front are planted 

 totem poles, upon which are carved animal totems representing the 

 crests of the different clans inhabiting the house. Entrance is often 

 by means of a low doorway cut in the base of the totem post, All 

 over the front also are painted heraldic emblems connected with their 

 family symbolism. The Haida tattoo their bodies with various designs, 

 and now clothe themselves largely after the manner of the whites. 



