FLINT IMPLEMENTS AND FOSSIL REMAINS. 251 



coming of the railroad in 1884 as a stage station, being the first station west of 

 Cooks Peak Canyon, famous for its numerous hold-ups and Indian massacres in the 

 early days. 



The very high medicinal virtues of the waters were first discovered by Richard 

 Hudson while serving as colonel of California volunteers in 1863. He located at the 

 spring after being mustered out, and held possession until 1S94, when I purchased 

 the property. The flow from the spring then came from a cistern-shaped hole in the 

 center of a round-top mound, elevated about 30 feet abovethe surrounding surface. 



The regular How of the spring is 5,000 gallons per hour, and it never, to my knowl- 

 edge, varies from this. I purchased the property for the purpose of establishing a 

 health resort, the analysis showing the water to he unexcelled for the cure of rheu- 

 matism and stomach disorders. I built a large hotel at the east foot of the spring 

 mound, and in order to utilize the hot water for bath-house and hotel use, including 

 heating of the hotel through radiators, I found it necessary to clean out the spring and 

 wall it up to prevent loss through various small leaks through the mound formation. 

 It proved a costly task, but I felt remunerated by the discoveries. The diame- 

 ter of the spring excavation was 25 feet, and when I reached the depth of 26 feet 

 I found the spring inclosed by a wall of red marlite stone, round and symmetrical as 

 man could build. Thousands of tons of dirt and rock had been thrown into the 

 spring, and after removing this to the depth of 26 feet, I began to find Indian 

 remains and relics of Indian art. The mound, 26 feet in height, formed on top of 

 the red marlite formation, had been made from the deposit of minerals in the water. 



At a depth of 28 feet we discovered a distinct burial of a human being covered 

 with mesquite bush, on top of which were bowlders. There were three such 

 burials discovered between the 28th or 31st foot levels, and with each one were 

 found war clubs of stone, spear points, arrowheads, one wooden l>ow, almost com- 

 plete, beads, mortars, etc. 



We secured quite well-preserved parts of several skulls and other parts which 

 would indicate that the people were of average stature. I supervised the whole 

 work, and, with the assistance of my wife, have now nicely preserved and arranged 

 in a cabinet every relic taken from the spring, the principal ones being: (1) Parts 

 of skulls and bones of several human beings; (2) over 50 spearheads and arrow-heads 

 of every shape and style of workmanship, the spearheads being notable for size and 

 symmetry; (3) nine large war clubs, made of stone; (4) a large variety of teeth of 

 animals, as well as large bones of extinct animals; (5) ten stone pipes from 4 to 7 

 inches in length — the most interesting relics found; (6) a flint hatchet and a stone 

 hammer, together with stones worn flat from use, beads made from vegetable seed 

 and bird bones, part of two Indian bows, with a quiver, in which was quite a bunch 

 of long, coarse black hair that was soon lost after being dried. 



In the vicinity of Hudson Springs, within 3 to 8 miles, there are numerous burying 

 grounds and other evidences of dwellings of the earlier Indian tribes, the graves all 

 containing moreor less decorated pottery, a few good examples of which I also have. 



Within 1 mile of this hot spring are two cold springs, while 1« miles to the west 

 is another warm spring of medicinal water (temperature 98°) that flows nearly 

 1,000,000 gallons daily. This spring comes up from the south base of stone fortifica- 

 tions of considerable extent, which stand out on a level mesa in a commanding 

 position. 



In the East instances of the discovery of relics of arts in springs 

 are rare. A deposit of flint blades found in a spring- in North Caro- 

 lina is exhibited in the Smithsonian Institution. 



The most notable examples of sacrifices of this general class are 

 recorded by explorers of Central and South America, where offerings 

 of gold and precious things of various kinds were cast into lakes. 



