288 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1901. 



July 29 found the party engaged in excavating a large ruin called 

 Kokopnyama, on the Jettyto Wash, 2 miles east of Keams Canyon. 

 On August 11 a nun near Jettyto Spring called Kawaiokuh was worked 

 for a week, when the party closed excavation and proceeded to the 

 Hopi pueblos for ethnological studies, remaining there till the 28th, 

 when the Museum-Gates expedition disbanded. 



The writer returned to Holbrook to complete the packing and ship- 

 ping of the specimens secured. During September 12-11 the groups 

 of ruins on the Le Roux and Cottonwood washes were carefully 

 platted and plans of the sites made. This closed up the season, and 

 on September 28 the writer returned to Washington. 



In addition to the avowed objects of the expedition, collections of 

 plants, fossils, minerals, etc., were made, Mrs. Gates aiding mate- 

 rially in the botanical work. A large series of photographs was made 

 by Messrs. Vronian, Gates, and the writer. 



The groups of ruins described in this paper are treated geographic- 

 ally, beginning, for convenience, with the southernmost, at Forestdale. 

 Taking the more important sites in order to the northward, we have 

 Forestdale, Linden, Showlow, Shumway, McDonalds Canyon, Scorse 

 Ranch, Petrified Forest Reserve, Biddahoochee, and Jettyto Valley. 

 This line of archeological reconnoissance shows in an interesting way 

 the prevalence of red and gray pottery south of the Little Colorado 

 and Puerco rivers, with exceptions at Shumway and Stone Axe, gray 

 ware in the Little Colorado Valley, and yellow ware at Biddahoochee 

 and Jettyto Valley. Thus we ma}" divide the field explored into three 

 regions, namely: (1) Region of the White Mountains, red and gray 

 ware; (2) region of the Little Colorado Valley, gray and red ware, 

 and (8) region of the Hopi buttes and mesas, yellow and little red and 

 gray ware. In detail the ruins examined in the region of the White 

 Mountains are Forestdale, Interior Sawmill, Linden, Showlow, Shum- 

 way (yellow and red), Snowflake, Woodruff Butte, Canyon Butte, 

 Petrified Forest, Metate ruin, Stone Axe ruin (yellow ware), and 

 Adamana. Those of the Little Colorado Valley are McDonalds Can- 

 yon and Scorse Ranch, and those of the Hopi buttes and mesas are 

 Biddahoochee and Jettyto Valley. 



The environment of the three regions is semiarid. The White 

 Mountain region, however, from the height and mass of the range, 

 especially the Mount Thomas condensing focus, has greater rainfall 

 than the other regions. For this reason there is here abundant vege- 

 tation, and in the radius of this influence and in this respect the envi- 

 ronment seems more favorable for human habitation. On the other 

 hand, geological causes have determined the lack of springs on the 

 north side of the range, and dependence must be put on rluviatile 

 waters. South of the Mogollon Rim springs are abundant, and here 

 were located important pueblos like those of Forestdale and others in 

 the Apache Reservation. 



