ARCHEOLOGICAL FIELD WORK IN ARIZONA. 295 



Pottery polishing stones, an arrow smoothing- stone of Gila type, and 

 a stone resembling a fetich (Plate 12, fig. 2) were taken out. The 

 stone last mentioned has been carefully worked from a dark, greenish- 

 blue rock much prized by the ancient people of the Upper Gila, 

 numerous specimens having been found in Pueblo Viejo Valley a where 

 the material appears to occur in situ. Sporadic examples of objects 

 cut from this stone are found north of the mountains, and one speci- 

 men was collected by Mrs. M. C. Stevenson at the Hopi villages. A 

 small tablet of sandstone, having a design in black on one face, was 

 excavated from this ruin. No conjecture is ventured as to the pur- 

 port of the plan on the tablet, except to say that the ancients at For- 

 estdale evidently drew circles as well as built them. 



Shell. — Shell appears to have been little used at Forestdale, only a 

 few pieces, consisting of wristlets and pendants, rewarding the searcher. 

 The mountain pueblos are generally poor in shell, probably because 

 they were ofi' the routes of primitive commerce, or they may have 

 had little to trade. Pueblos in passes through the mountains, us at 

 Chaves Pass, must have been more in touch with aboriginal commerce, 

 and in this case abundance of shell was found. 



Bone. — The people of Forestdale made great use of bone. The 

 most numerous bone objects were awls of various sizes and descrip- 

 tions, with points at either end, with an eye like a needle (Plate 13, 

 fig. 4), or merely pointed splinters of bone. One specimen has a fig- 

 ure like the letter X engraved on the sides, as seen on the ceremonial 

 ax found at Chevlon. b This was the only instance of ornamentation 

 on bone observed. Cups formed by sawing off elk femurs near the 

 ends are common, as at Pottery Hill. It has been suggested that 

 these cups are rejects after the shaft of the femur was cut up into 

 rings. The absence of such rings from the collection, and the finish 

 of the lip of the cups, would seem to offer an objection to this theory, 

 but the use of the cups is unknown. Rings cut from femurs appar- 

 ently for the finger have been found at Chaves Pass. Wedges of 

 bone and antler, numerous knives of deer rib, hide scrapers worked 

 from deer pelvis, bone tubes, a bone with holes drilled through it 

 (thought to be an arrow wrench), an ornament of antler in form of a 

 bear's claw, and bones used in Hint working were collected. (Plate 

 13.) The lower jaw of a deer from this ruin, with bands of red painted 

 diagonally across it. is an interesting object. 



Fragments of decayed wood were taken from the excavations, but 

 it was not possible to ascertain whether they were worked. No cord 

 or fabric of any description was encountered. 



A large number of bones of animals were collected from the debris, 



f 'J. Walter Fewkes, Report, Smithsonian Institution, 1897, pi. xvn. 

 ''Idem., 1896, pi. xi.vn. 



