ROBERT EVANS SNODGRASS — TIIUKMAN 5 



schooner, the Julia Whalcn, with Captain Noyes of San Francisco 

 in command. They visited all the islands of the eastern Pacific from 

 California to the Equator. The crew included the captain, the mate, 

 three sailors, and the cook. Their principal objective was the skins of 

 the southern fur seals. Life on a small schooner in those days was 

 primitive and monotonous compared with that on a modern luxury 

 yacht. The staple diet was salt beef and hardtack, except when at 

 anchor. Then fish and even sea turtles were obtainable. Although 

 ocean currents continued their movement, the wind did not always 

 blow when wanted. As a result much time was lost in attempts to 

 arrive at specific points, but the expedition eventually visited every 



. -'% 



THE ORDER OF THE BATH 



(From Judge, Nov. 28, 1914.) 



2^ S " 'J<3 -£ c? J" J 



island of the archipelago. Heller and Snodgrass collected everything 

 from giant tortoises to bird lice, in addition to plants and samples of 

 lava, but specialized on birds, insects, spiders, and fishes. 



The Galapagos Islands, though on the Equator, are not a tropical 

 paradise. They are of volcanic origin with much of their surface con- 

 sisting of raw lava. Only one of the islands gets enough rainfall to 

 permit cultivation. In his account, Dr. Snodgrass stated that walking 

 over newly cooled lava beds makes one feel like a spider or an ant trav- 

 ersing a cinder path, and that getting to the top of a 3,000-foot crater 

 is a strenuous day's exertion. Before the party left the islands, one vol- 

 cano came to life and gave a brilliant exhibition. It is fortunate that 

 accidents did not occur, as any kind of accident could have been seri- 

 ous without medical care. Though hungry ticks were abundant and 



