MORPHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION IN INSECTS — GRAND! 229 



M, cuticular reinforcement ; A^, proximal processes of the penis ; P, penis ; 

 Q, gonopore). 3, B. (Waterstoniella) jacobsoni Grnd., male, thorax and pro- 

 podeum. 4, Eiipristina koningsbcrgeri Grnd., male, thorax and propodeum. 5, E. 

 aurk'illi Mayr, male, thorax and propodeum. 6, Blastophaga giacoviinii Grnd., 

 male, thorax and propodeum. 7, B. gliigii Grnd., male, sternopleural, promeso- 

 thoracic and metathoracic regions and portion of the legs (C, rudiments of the 

 mesothoracic legs; S', prosternum; S", mesosternum). 8, B. boldinghi Grnd., 

 male, thorax and abdomen, dorsal view. 9, idem, thorax and propodeum, ventral 

 view. 10, idem, more magnified ventral view of the thorax (rf, pronotum; E, 

 propleurites ; e, mesonotum ; /, metanotum fused with metapleurites ; k, an- 

 terior portion of the pronotum movable and articulated with the portion that is 

 behind ; S, tracheal spiracles ; S', prosternum fused with the propleurites ; S", 

 mesosternum ; S'", metasternum ; x, processes of articulation of the anterior 

 part of the pronotum). 



Plate 17 



I, Blastophaga giacominii Grnd., male, antenna. 2, B. (Waterstoniella) jacob- 

 soni Grnd., male, antenna. 3, Eiipristina aurivilli Mayr, male, antenna. 4, 

 Ccratosolcn striatus Mayr, male, antenna. 5, Blastophaga pscnes L., mandible, 

 dorsal view. 6, idem, ventral view {e, d, f, teeth of the distal portion ; Z, condyle 

 for the ventral articulation). 7, B. psenes L., male, maxillolabial complex 

 ( W, maxillae of the first pair ; X, labium ; x, portion of the labium including 

 the subatrophied labial palpi). 8, B. nipponica Grnd., male, maxillolabial com- 

 plex. 9, B. ghigii Grnd., male, rudiment of the maxillolabial complex. 10, 

 Eupristina emeryi Grnd., rudiment of the maxillolabial complex. 11, Blastophaga 

 intermedia Grnd., female, fore leg (coxa excluded). 12, B. giacominii Grnd., 

 male, fore leg (coxa excluded). 13, 14, Tetrapus mexicamis Grnd., male, distal 

 portion of the femur, tibia, and tarsus of the fore leg, seen from the outer and 

 inner surfaces. 15, Blastophaga longicornis Grnd., male, middle leg. 16 to 18, 

 B. giacominii Grnd., male, middle legs in various degrees of involution. 19, B. 

 gestroi Grnd., male, middle leg. 20, Tetrapus mexicanus Grnd., middle leg 

 reduced to a biarticulate knot. 21, Blastophaga giacominii Grnd., male, hind 

 leg (coxa excluded). 22, Tetrapus costaricanus Grnd., male, distal end of the 

 tibia and metatarsus. 



Plate i8 



I, Philocaenus barbatus Grnd., female, ventral view of the head (the mandibles 

 (M) have been only outlined). 2, 3, idem, mandibles, dorsal and ventral views. 

 4, Lipothymus sumatranus Grnd., female, hind leg. 5, Sy coccus thaumastocnema 

 Waterst., female, fore leg (L, large laminar organ of the tibia covered with a 

 series of small indentations, but only outlined) (after Waterston). 6, Philo- 

 thrypesis caricae L., female, uroterga separated and extended (S, tracheal 

 spiracles). 7, idem, eumegetic male (A, pronotum; a, fore wings; B, mesonotum; 

 b, hind wings ; C, metathorax ; D, propodeum ; e, proximal processes of the 

 penis; /, hind coxae; H, genital armature; p, penis; s, tracheal spiracles). 

 8, idem, hypomegetic male (a, fore wings; p, hind wings, all rudimentary). 9 to 

 14, idem, wings of several males in various stages of involution (A, fore wing; 

 a, axillary sclerite of the fore wing ; B, scale of the fore wing ; E, mesopleural 

 region ; P, hind wing ; S, metapleural region ; s, axillary sclerite of the hind 

 wing) . 



