328 



HISTORY <>F CHRONOPHOTOGRAPHY. 



living scenes visible to an assembly and presenting a perfect illusion. 

 The success of this invention was immense, and has not passed away. 

 Fig. 17 shows the cinematograph open and arranged for taking photo- 

 graphs. A film, perforated like that of Edison, is rolled up in a closed 

 box c 1 c on the top of the apparatus. It passes, in an intermittent 

 manner, to the focus of the objective, being drawn forward by a sys- 

 tem of claws which catch in the holes of the film. The reciprocating 

 motion of these claws gives intcrmittency to the motion of the ribbon. 

 After exposure the film is received in another closed box. invisible 

 in the figure. It was important to make the claws acquire and lose 

 their velocity as gradually as possible, so as not to tear the film. The 

 Messrs. Lumiere succeeded in effecting this by means of a triangular 

 cam, fig. 18, which is the essential part of the apparatus. During 

 two-thirds of the whole time the film is at rest. 



For the projection of the positives, the Messrs. Lumiere make use 

 of a special arrangement. A powerful electric lamp brilliantly illu- 

 minates the film. In this way very bright projections are obtained of 

 25 by 10 feet (7.7e m. by 5.80 m.), the figures on the film measuring 



only 1 by £ inches (25 by 22 mm.). In 

 the glass case by the side of the cinemato- 

 graph several ribbons printed on paper 

 showed the perfection and happy choice 

 of the photographs obtained with this 

 instrument. 



The success of the cinematograph gave 

 birth to many forms of apparatus for the 

 projection of living pictures. Most of 

 them differ very little from the instru- 

 ment of Messrs. Lumiere, and were not 

 shown. Two t}?pes, however, of marked 

 originality merit special mention. 



.V<>. I'}. Captain Gossarfs apparatus 

 with oscillating objective^ 1897. — This 

 instrument gives photographs of very 

 large dimensions. Its author has applied 

 FlG . 18 . it to the study of the gaits of the horse. 



Fine specimens of its work were ex- 

 hibited. It is not adapted to projections. 



Wo. 15. Tin Alethorama of Messrs. C/ieri- Rousseau and Morti<i\ 

 1897. — This is a projecting apparatus in which the perforated film- 

 ribbons, as they pass along, give reflections of their pictures from a 

 series of prisms. The projections are exceedingly bright and steady, 

 and altogether make a fine effect. The apparatus, however, seems to 



be hard to 



practically. 



adjust, and does not appear to have been taken up 



