BOGOSLOF VOLCANOES. 



369 



lower than the middle peak, and the depression between the two had 

 become a long, deeply excavated saddle (fig. 3). 



The illustrations already given show the island from the .side, and 

 give a false impression of its stability and form. When eeen "end 

 on, 1 ' it appears as a narrow-crested ridge. It 

 was described by Dall in 1873 as "a sharp, ser- 

 rated ridge, about 850 feet in height, very nar- 

 row, the sides meeting above in a very acute 

 angle, where they are broken into a number of 

 inaccessible pinnacles'" (fig. 4). This extreme 

 narrowness has, of course, materially hastened 

 the disintegration of the upper part of the 

 volcano. Some idea of the loss between 1873 and 1890 may be had 

 by comparing Ball's sketch (fig. 4) with a photograph taken by the 

 Albatross in 1890 (fig. 5). 



When the Harriman expedition visited Bogoslof on the evening of 

 July 8. 1899, fog rested so heavily on the summit that the form of the 



Fig. 4.— End view of Bogoslof 

 from the southeast in 1873. 

 After Dall. 



Fig. 5. — Old and New Bogoslof from the southeast in 1890. From photo by U. S. Fish Commission. 



two highest peaks could not be completely made out, but the *lowness 

 of the ridge as a whole, the small size of the northwest peak, and the 

 depth of the notch separating it from the rest of the mass, told too 

 plainly of the rapidity with which the destruction is going on and 

 foreshadowed the eventual downfall of the peaks. 



NEW BOGOSLOF OR GREWINGK. 



The towering cliffs of Old Bogoslof no longer battle alone with the 

 angry storms of Bering Sea, for close at hand a new island has risen. 

 Its birth was not witnessed by human eye; no earthquake shock 

 marked its advent, and the date of its upheaval may never be known. 

 It was first seen by Captain Anderson of the schooner Matthew Turnt r. 

 on September 27, 1883, and was then in active eruption, throwing out 

 large masses of heated rock and great volumes of smoke, steam, and 

 ashes, which came from the apex and from numerous fissures on the 

 sides and base, some of which were below the surface of the sea. 



a Captain Hague suggested for the new islet the name "New Bogoslof," and Dall, 

 in an article published in Science in January, 1884, proposed that it be named 

 "Grewingk," in honor of the Russian Grewingk, who, in 1850, published an impor- 

 tant compilation of the various early accounts relating to Old Bogoslof. 



SM 1901 24 



