ABBOTT COLLECTION FROM ANDAMAN ISLANDS. 481 



dwellers, or Aryotoda, and the jungle people, or Eretn-tagada. who 

 are allied in all respects except in their mode of life. It is impossible 

 to determine the population, hut Mr. Man estimates that the entire 

 group contains about 4,000 souls. 



CLOTHING AND ORNAMENTS. 



No clothing is worn by either sex. Its place is taken in a measure 

 by necklaces, circlets for the head, garters, bracelets, and belts. The 

 materials used are screw-pine leaves, fringes of vegetable ti her, shells, 

 orchid stems, tine netting, animal, and even human bones. Besides 

 these, the skulls of the departed, their jaws, etc., usually painted red 

 with white markings, and ornamented with shells, are worn suspended 

 about the neck. Two skulls prepared in this way are shown on PI. I, 

 figs. 8 and !> and PI. V. Figs. 11 and 12 and PI. VI show human jaws 

 ornamented with shells; fig. 1»>. a necklace made of the vertebra of a 

 half-grown child, also painted red and adorned with shell pendants; 

 figs. 3, 5, 6, necklaces or head circlets of shells; fig. L3, a necklace of 

 turtle hones; fig. If, a head circlet of vegetable fiber; and tig. 21, the 

 stems of an orchid. 



The costume of a man consists of garters (figs. 1!) and 2<»), bracelets 

 (tigs. 24 and 25), and wristlets (tigs. 17 and 18) of pandanus leaves, 

 often with the crumpled ends of the leaves forming a kind of tassel 

 and sometimes ornamented with a fringe of shells (tigs. IS, It), 20); a 

 folded pandanus leaf or circlet around the head, and a bodda, or belt 

 (tigs. 22 and 28) about the waist, from which two or four tufts of the 

 pandanus leaves composing the belt hang down behind. 



Women often wear four or five and even eight hod-das. In addi- 

 tion to the tufts of pandanus leaves, which hang down behind, the,} T 

 wear a diminutive apron of green leaves (tig. 16), which is kept in 

 position by the lowest belt. Married women wear the rugun-da (tig. 

 ir>), which is a broad belt or hoop of pandanus leaves, ornamented on 

 the outside by transverse or diagonal markings of red wax. Belts are 

 sometimes made of simple strips of rattan (fig. 2). Slings are worn 

 either by men or women (tig. 4) in the form of broad straps of bark, 

 ornamented by red ocher and white clay, and are used for carrying 

 babies. 



The skulls of pigs (PI. I, fig. 7) and fish (tig. 1) are often painted 

 with red ocher and white clay, and kept as trophies. 



HABITATIONS. 



Three kinds of huts are erected by the Great Andaman tribes in 

 their permanent and temporary encampments. The most durable of 

 these consists of a roof of thatch made from the leaves of a species of 

 Calamus neatly plaited and fastened together with cane, and laid in 



SM 1001 31 



