l6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 60 



winter. His explanation of the coldness of the coast strip as a result 

 of the upwelling of abyssal water presumes that this cold water 

 should also be exceptionally saline, and therefore that the isohalines 

 should bend abruptly to the northward just as the isotherms bend 

 abruptly to the southward, while in the winter both isotherms and 

 isohalines should follow courses more nearly agreeing with the paral- 

 lels of the latitude. My observations on the seasonal variations in 

 the salinity of this coast agree absolutely with his on the temperature. 



The charts published by Makaroff show that in the mid-Pacific, 

 between 170 and 180 W. long, the mean isohaline of 1.0255 runs 

 approximately along the 46th parallel, and the isohaline of 1.0260 

 is approximately in 42 50' N. ; the 1.0250 isohaline is far up in the 

 Gulf of Alaska where it runs parallel to the coast, crossing the merid- 

 ian of 140 W. in about 56 N. From these positions there is a 

 slight southerly movement in winter, and in a corresponding north- 

 erly movement in summer. 



In the summer the isohaline of 1.0250, running in a generally south- 

 erly direction, turns northward at about 42 15' N. lat., 127° W. long., 

 joining the coast of Cape Moares, in 45 ° 30' N. lat. The isohaline 

 of 1.0255 turns northward at 37 N. lat., 127 W. long., and runs 

 thence almost directly north between the meridians of 125 30' W. 

 and 125 00' W. (practically coinciding with the latter north of 

 41 ° N. lat.) for a considerable distance, eventually turning eastward 

 and reaching the coast at Cape Blanco. The isohaline of 1.0257 

 rises in a broad curve from 34 40' N. lat., 133 W. long, to 36 30' 

 N. lat., 123 30' W. long., and then turns rather abruptly northward 

 and northwestward, running parallel to the coast to 39 N., when it 

 gradually turns northward again, reaching the coast at Cape Mendo- 

 cino. The noticeable feature of this isohaline is the broad seaward 

 bend which, considered in its relation to the coast line, reaches its 

 maximum in the latitude of San Francisco, and its actual maximum 

 westerly extension in 39 N. lat. In the San Francisco region there 

 is a small area with a salinity of less than 1.0255 bounded by a curve 

 of large radius extending from Point Arena (just south of 39 N. 

 lat.) on the north to Pescadero Point (about 37 15' N. lat.) on the 

 south. This curve crosses 38 N. in 123 30' \\\, and 123 W. in 

 37° 3°' N., its course being almost parallel to that of the 1.0257 line 

 further off shore. The isohaline of 1.0260 turns northward at 33 ° 

 X., 125° W., and runs in a broad curve northnortheast to Monterey 

 Bay. 



