4 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 60 



are visible many and unmistakable traces of admixture or persistence 

 of what appears to have been the older population of these regions, 

 pre-Mongolian and especially pre-Chinese, 1 as we know these nations 

 at the present day. Those representing these vestiges belong partly 

 to the brachycephalic and in a smaller extent to the dolichocephalic 

 type, and resemble to the point of identity American Indians of cor- 

 responding head form. These men, women and children are brown 

 in color, have black straight hair, dark brown eyes, and facial as well 

 as bodily features which remind one most forcibly of the native 

 Americans. Many of these individuals, especially the women and 

 children, who are individually less modified by the environment than 

 the men, if introduced among the Indians and dressed to correspond, 

 could by no means at the disposal of the anthropologist be distin- 

 guished apart. And the similarities extend to the mental make up of 

 the people, as well as to numerous habits and customs which new 

 contacts and religions have not as yet been able to efface. 



The writer found much more in this direction than he had hoped 

 for, and the physical resemblances between these numerous out- 

 croppings of the older blood and types of north-eastern Asia and 

 the American Indian, cannot be regarded as accidental, for they are 

 numerous as well as important and cannot be found in parts of the 

 world not peopled by the yellow-brown race; nor can they be taken 

 as an indication of American migration to Asia, for emigration of 

 man follows the laws of least resistance, or greatest advantage, and 

 these conditions surely lay more in the direction from Asia to Amer- 

 ica than the reverse. 



In conclusion, it may be said that from what he learned in eastern 

 Asia, and weighing the evidence with due respect to other possible 

 views, the writer feels justified in advancing the opinion that there 

 exist to-day over large parts of eastern Siberia, and in Mongolia, 

 Tibet, and other regions in that part of the world, numerous remains, 

 which now form constituent parts of more modern tribes or nations, 

 of a more ancient population (related in origin perhaps with the latest 

 paleolithic European), which was physically identical with and in 

 all probability gave rise to the American Indian. 



'The Mongolians of to-day are a mosaic or mixture of various local, 

 southern and particularly western ethnic elements; while the Chinese present 

 in the main a people that has undergone to a very perceptible degree its own 

 differentiation, so as to constitute a veritable great subtype of the yellow- 

 brown people. 



