NO. 22 MAMMALS FROM PANAMA AND MEXICO GOLDMAN IO, 



shows that A. p. palliata of Nicaragua ranges southward through 

 Costa Rica as far as Talamanca, and is replaced in Eastern Panama 

 by the new form here described. Unaware of the real type locality 

 of A. p. palliata Dr. Allen, 1 in publishing Alouatta palliata matagal- 

 p<z from Lavala, Nicaragua, renamed the typical form, 2 using Pan- 

 ama examples assumed to be A. p. palliata for comparison. Farther 

 north this group of howlers is represented by A. palliata mcxicana 

 whose range appears to extend from Tabasco, Mexico, southeastward 

 to northern and eastern Honduras. A. p. mcxicana is characterized 

 by smaller general size, and by having more huffy ochraceous suf- 

 fusion of upper parts than A. p. palliata. The long-haired, black- 

 howler currently recognized as A. villosa (Gray) is a very distinct 

 species, ranging from Guatemala into the lowlands of Campeche, 

 Tabasco and northern Chiapas, Mexico, where it occurs at the same 

 elevations and perhaps the same localities as A. p. mcxicana. It is 

 distinguished from A. p. mexicana by long pure black pelage, and 

 elongated, flattened skull. 



In Eastern Panama howling monkeys are generally distributed 

 from near the coasts well up toward the summits of the higher 

 mountains. They occur in small numbers near Gatun in the northern 

 end of the Canal Zone. Several parties were met with on the moun- 

 tains near the headwaters of the Chagres River. On Cerro Azul a 

 troop of about twelve was found in a group of very tall trees. The 

 troop included several full grown males, females, and young. A 

 very young individual was seen clinging to the lower part of its 

 mother's back as she climbed into the topmost branches along with 

 other females and the younger animals. The older males gave the 

 usual roar when shots were fired, jumping about, looking down, and 

 showing signs of anger rather than fear, as they made no effort to 

 escape. The so-called howling of these monkeys was heard soon 

 after daylight nearly every morning not far from camp on the 

 Cascajal River near Cerro Brujo, and at intervals during the day. 

 Near the summit of the Pirri Range sudden showers of rain often 

 brought forth deep-toned notes during the night. The voice of this 

 animal, as it reverberates through the forest, is wonderfully impres- 

 sive, but seems better described as a series of deep growls, becoming 

 a prolonged roar when given by several in unison, than as howling. 

 Although the howler can pass rapidly through the tree tops, its 



l Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 24, p. 670, Oct. 13, 1908. 

 3 Dr. Allen directs attention to this error (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 

 vol. 28, p. 114, Apr. 30, 1910). 



