NO. I OPINIONS 68 TO JJ 55 



Gmelin (1790a, 3138-3143) added 16 species'" to HolotJmria, 

 changing tremula to tubulosa and pcntactcs to pentacta. 



Bruguiere (1791a, pis. 85-87) after eliminating the original species 

 (1758) of Holothiiria to Thalia, restricts H olothnria to the Sea Cu- 

 cumbers.^ 



Cuvier (1798a, 644-645) mentions only tubulosa Linn., [Gmel., 

 1790a, see tremula Linn.] and pcntacta [see pcntactcs] under Holo- 

 thiiria. 



Lamarck (i8oia, 351) mentions only " //. tubulosa Linn.," and, 

 since 1801, Holothuria has been almost universally confined to the 

 Sea Cucumbers of this group.'' 



Apstein (1915a, 132) cites tubulosa Gmel. [cf. tremula] as type, 

 and it will be noticed that of the authors quoted in footnote 21 tremula 

 Linn., 1767a [cf. tubulosa Gmel. 1790a] is mentioned as a Holo- 

 thuria auct. [not 1758] by: Linn?eus (1767a), Cuvier (1830), and 

 Gill (1907a), while tubulosa Gmelin, 1790a [cf. tremula Linn., 

 1767a] is mentioned as a Holothuria by (imelin (1791a), Cuvier 

 (1798a), Lamarck (i8oia), Burmeister (1837a), Clans (1885a). 

 Leunis (1886a) and Apstein (1915a). 



This list might be extended much further, but it is sufficiently 

 long to show that one of the Linnaeus' (1767a) holothurian species, 

 namely, tremula, which was renamed tubulosa by Gmelin (1790a), 



"The additional species are: 10. clegans, 11. sqiiamata, 12. pcnicillus, 13. 

 fusus, 14. inhsercns, 15. Isevis, 16. minuta, 17. forcipata, 18. zonaria, 19. vittata, 

 20. maxima, 21. impatiens, 2.2. nuda, 23. spirans, 24. papulosa, 25. spallansani. 



^"The text to these plates has not been found by the Secretary, but a later 

 edition (1824, v. 2) of the Encyl. meth., refers to plates 85-87 and uses for 

 the figures the following names: frondosa, phantapus, pcntacta, dolioluni, 

 fusus, inhocrcns, glutinosa, znttata, squamata, and pcnicillus. 



" Dumeril (1806a, 304-305) continues Holothuria as an echinoderm, but 

 gives no species. 



Lamarck (i8i6b, 71-74) quotes under Holothuria : frondosa phantapus, 

 pcntacta, dolioluni, fusus, inhwrcns, glutinosa, z'ittata, squaniata and pcni- 

 cillus. 



Cuvier (1830a, 238-240) quotes: phantapus L., sqnamata IMueller, rcgalis 

 Fab., tremula [cf. tubulosa], frondosa, and in footnote, clegans, etc. 



Burmeister (1837a, 471) quotes tubulosa [cf. tremula], clegans, impatiens, 

 ananas, monacaria, u. a., but recognizes Bohadschia, Miilleria, and Trepang 

 as distinct genera. 



Claus (1885a, 249) quotes tubulosa [cf. tremula], and edulis. 



Leunis (1886a, 888-839) quotes monacaria. inarmorata, seabra, vagabunda, 

 impatiens, atra, edulis, tubulosa [cf. tremula], and polii. 



Gill (1907a, 185) quotes frondosa and pcntactcs as Cucnmaria, phantapus 

 as Psolus, and tremula [cf. tubulosa] as Holothuria of modern authors. 



