62 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 73 



sidered a synonym of Appcndicularia 1820, and O. chamissonis 

 1 83 1 an absolute synonym oi A. Hagellum 1820. 



Fol (1872a, 469) States that Oik. chamissonis is one of the three 

 species of Oikopleura that is recognizably described and he adopts 

 the generic name Oikopleura, but as shown above (footnote 6), he 

 (1872a. 460) states that the description of A. HagcUum, is so vague 

 that he considers himself justified in using Appendicularia in any way 

 he may wish, and he adopts the French vernacular A p pendiculaires 

 as the family name. 



Further, as shown above (footnote 6), Fol (1874a, xlix) per- 

 sists in his view that he may use Appendicularia in any way he de- 

 sires, and he applies it to a new genus (" un noveau genre '') for 

 which he cites " Cham." as author, and in which he mentions only 

 one form, Appcndieularia sicula n. sp. 



Accordingly, Fol recognized Oikopleura, monotype O. chamis- 

 sonis, but could not recognize its absolute synonym, Appendicularia, 

 monotype Hagellum., further than that it belonged to the same family, 

 so he uses Appendicidaria for a new genus, which Chamisso never 

 described, and he attributes this new genus of 1874 to Chamisso 1820. 

 It is clear, therefore, (i) that nomenclatorially Appendicidaria 1874 

 is to be considered monotypic, (2) that it is to be attributed to Fol, 

 and (3) that it is preoccupied by Appendicidaria 1820 (syn. Oiko- 

 pleura 1831). 



The names Appendicidaria 1820 and A. dagellum 1820 have found 

 their way into certain standard text-books,*' and a family name Ap- 

 pendicular ii da exists which is based upon Appcndicularia 1820. 



Apstein (1915a, 186) cites A. sicula as type of Appendicularia 

 Fol, 1874, and Bartsch (1915a, 145) proposes the name Appcndicula, 

 type sicula, for Appendicularia 1874, because it is preoccupied by 

 Appendicularia 1820 [syn. Oikopleura}. 



The Appellants submit that Ap. dagellum 1820 is unrecognizable, 

 but they do not discuss the facts that Mertens recognized it and 

 renamed it, and that Fol considers that Oikopleura chamissonis 



^"Leunis (1883a, 813) recognizes the family Afpcndicjtiariida?, with the 

 genus "Appendicularia Cham." and the species "A. Uaycllum Cham." 



Glaus (1885a, 586) recognizes the family Appcndicidaridse, and the 

 genus "Oikopleura Mcrtens {Appcndicularia Cham.)." 



Knauer (1887a, 46) recognizes Appcndicidaridse, with "Appcndicularia 

 Cham. Fritillaria Fol, etc." 



Parker and Haswell (1901a, 24) recognize "Appendicularia (Oikopleura)," 

 but (p. 22) they cite Appendicularia and Oikopleura as distinct genera in 

 Appoidicidariidx and they do not quote the author of the generic names. 



