NO. 2 OPINIONS 78 TO 81 21 



either lectularhis or equestris should be type of Ct>iiex. As this point is not 

 definite from the context, it must be concluded that " rigidly construed " 

 (Art. 30g), Lamarck did not here dc-^ignate type for Cimex.) 



(* Linnaeus (1802, Turton Ed., Syst. Nat., pp. 608-702) divides Cimex into 

 six groups (cf. subgenera) as follows: i. Cimex (Acanthia) which includes 

 lectularius, littoralis and many other species; 2. Cimex {Cimex) which in- 

 cludes bidens and many other species ; and four other groups which do not 

 influence the present problem, namely, 3. Cimex (Lygaeus) ; 4. Cimex {Ger- 

 ris) ; 5. Cimex (Miris) ; and 6. Cimex (Reduvius) . Types are not cited for 

 these groups, but is is to be noticed that both lectularius and littoralis are 

 placed in Acanthia, and it is clear that a typical subgenus Cimex has been 

 created, but as no type is designated this seems to leave the subject in the 

 same status as did " Punaises proprement dites. {Cimex Fabr.)" of Cuvier, 

 1798a. So far as Acanthia is concerned, the status of aflfairs has reverted to 

 that which existed in 1775.) 



Fabricius in 1803 (Syst. Rhyng., p. 112-113, 155-179) treats both Acanthia 

 and Cimex and limits Acanthia to lectularia and hemiptera. Kirkaldy (1899, 

 The Entomologist, vol. 32, p. 220) is very positive in asserting that Fabricius 

 in this work designates bidens L. as type of Cimex. It is true that bidois is 

 the first Linnaean species included in the Fabrician concept of Cimex, but I 

 cannot find a positive designation.^ 



Latreille in 1804 (Hist. Nat. Crust, et Ins. p. 237, 240-244, 254-255) definitely 

 states ^ on p. 237 that he reversed the Fabrician decisions and makes lectularius 

 type of " punaisc," which is his common name for CUncx, and on page 254- 

 255 limits Cimex to lectularius. He places in Acanthia, zostcrac, littoralis and 

 four other species. 



(* Dumeril, 1806, 264 (Zool. analytique) appears definitely to designate 

 lectularius as type (by monotypy) of Cimex. The passage in question reads : 



"2. Les punaises {cimex, Linne; acanthia Fab.) ont le corps ovale, tres 

 applati, cinq articles aux antennes, et le corcelet en croissant reccvant la tete. 

 On n'en a encore observe qu'une seule espece, qui attaque pendant la nuit 

 I'homme et certains oiseaux, en particulier les hirondelles.) 



(* Dumeril (1806, 262) adopts Acanthia for species, not mentioned by name, 

 which live on banks of bodies of water, on bark of trees, and on fruits.) 



(* Latreille, 1807 (Gen. Crust, et insect), p. 136 mentions only C. lectularius 

 under Cimex, and cites (p. 142) A. maculata, Lygaeus saltatorius, Salda lit- 

 toralis, S. :;osterae, and S. striata, under Acanthia.) 



Latreille in i8ioa (Consid. Gen., p. 433) in the list which is considered as 

 designating types by an Opinion (* No. 11) of the International Commission, 

 designates lectularia as type of Acanthia, thus contradicting his positive state- 



^ (* Fabricius, 1803, 112, cites lectularia (chef de file) and hrniiptcra as 

 belonging to Acanthia, and p. 155-170 he cites 123 species (without type desig- 

 nation (See Art. 30r) for Cimex) ; {bidens is chef de file). — C. W. S.) 



" P. 237 : " II nous a paru plus convenable de restituer a cet insectc le nom 

 sous lequel il est generalement connu, et de le faire servir de type au genre 

 punaise {* Cimex, p. 254), dont il est jusqu'a present la seule espece bien 



connue. 



