NO. 6 OPINIONS 105 TO 114 13 



d. That de Blainville, 1834, Manuel d'Actinol., p. 214, follows 

 Gnielin. [Referring to a wrong page (86) : strictly speak- 

 ing he merely quotes Gmelin as well as Miiller, Zool. Dan. ; 

 the name de Blainville uses is Echinocyame mignon.] 

 Interpretation 2. The arguments in favor of this are: 



a. All species indubitably named are indexed at the end of the 

 fascicle — E. iiiimitus is not. 



b. When Pallas does name a species, he leaves no room for 

 doubt, but introduces the name by some such phrase as 

 " quod .... appellabo." 



c. Gmelin may have made a mistake, and except for de Blain- 

 ville (who does not give a correct page) the general opin- 

 ion of zoologists has been that he did so. 



Comments on the above arguments : 



I. a. There is considerable variety of type used in this Chapter. 

 Other names of genera inider which new species are pro- 

 posed are in full capitals. Italics are used frequently for 

 emphasis or distinction, as in this very paragraph. 



I. b. This argument seems to be cancelled by 2. a. But it 

 does not seem to be a good argument in itself, for Pallas 

 is clearly, as he states, throwing these two little specimens 

 in at the last moment, squeezing them in at the bottom of 

 a plate, out of order, and jotting down what he calls a 

 " verbulo." 



I. c. Gmelin takes minutos, but Sherborn (Index Anim.) who 

 put in every name he could, and who had Gmelin's refer- 

 ence does not cite Pallas as the authority. Sherborn aside, 

 this argument seems balanced by 2. c. 



This leaves only argument 2. b. and that certainly is in itself more 

 weighty than any of the others. 



It may be added that the word mimitus is used twice again on the 

 same page merely to signify small : " Zoophyta quaedam minuta " is 

 the very next sentence. Surely Pallas would not have taken so banal 

 a word for a specific name. 



Additional argument in favor of Interpretation 2: Both Mortensen 

 and Clark point out that the specimens figured by Pallas represent two 

 species, but they do not draw the obvious inference. The words of 

 Pallas show that he was aware of this fact ; and part of his " verbulo " 

 is taken up with showing the difference of form, and by the word 

 " autem " he emphasizes also the difl^erence of locality. Had Pallas 

 been going to give a name at all he would have named both. 



