8 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 8/ 



kitkahaxktripatski (kiripatski, "small"), and that the latter group 

 split off from the main band not more than three generations ago 

 under a self-made chief, Curly-Chief, tektesaxkanxku. The camp 

 of the kitkahaxktripatski was set up southeast of the main village. 

 The Black Heads (pdkska'tit") was the name of a society; and the 

 kariki'su was the woman's dance or ceremony before the planting 

 of the corn. Between the kttkghaxki'' proper and the little kttkg- 

 haxki'' old informants claim there was a slight dialectic difference of 

 speech; but they lived together in one village and as far back as 

 memory and tradition go, their bundles and ceremonies were 

 merged or the same. 



The tsawi"'' name, according to many Pawnee informants, has 

 the reference "beggars."^ This could not be established as a lin- 

 guistic meaning; the closest similarity of the word seems to affiliate 

 it with the stem for "doctoring". Nevertheless, we do not doubt 

 that "beggars" had a relevance which has been lost. People of the 

 other bands claim that the tsawi''' always came asking for meat, 

 hence the name. Wissler, in a footnote to Miirie,^ states: "They 

 are now known as tsawi''' or Chaui, a band sprung from tsaktta'ru — 

 itsat, coon; wi''' part of band". This derivation, on close linguistic 

 analysis, does not seem likely; itsat and aktta'ru would combine 

 into tsaktta'ru in South Band dialect, but itsat and wi''' would 

 combine into tsaxwi''' not tsawi'''. 



The Arikara are called arikara'ru', "horns" or "elk", by the 

 Pawnees, and they call the Pawnees awdhu. As the term Arikara 

 is a good Pawnee and Caddoan word, the linguistic derivation of 

 which is clear, it seems unlikely that, as has been contended, the 

 name is not used by the Arikara for themselves.^ The word means 

 "elk"." 



' Grinnell, p. 216, gives "in the middle" as the meaning of tsawi'". He prob- 

 ably derives this from a confusion of the name with the word tawe which means 

 "among". 



' Op. cit. 



^ Gilmore, M. R., The Arikara Book of Genesis, Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci., 

 Arts, and Lett., vol. 12, p. 95, 1929. 



* The Handbook, under the synonymy of Arikara, lists: "starrahe" from Brad- 

 bury's Travels in the Interior of America, and "star-rah-he" from Lewis and 

 Clarke, the latter given by the explorers as the people's own name. Phonetically 

 this is a good Caddoan (Pawnee or Arikara) word (tstarahi), and its suggestive 

 correspondence to the "harahey" "arahey" of Coronado's expedition makes this 

 a plausible alternative derivation of the Coronado name to awahi, the Wichita 

 name for the Pawnees (see below). In the case of awahi, the possibility is that 

 Wichitas spoke of Pawnees to the Spaniards, in that of "star-rah-he" that Turk 

 or some other Pawnee told them about the Arikara. 



