NO. 6 CADDOAN LINGUISTIC STOCK LESSER AND WELTFISH 1 3 



the north, Harahey, whose customs and houses were similar to their 

 own; evidently they spoke of the awa'hi.' 



CADDO 



Caddo, as spoken today, is essentially the language of the kado'- 

 adatc'" band, which seems to have gradually eliminated whatever 

 former dialectic differentiation existed, in favor of a common speech. 

 All traditions of older living Caddos point to a time when the various 

 bands lived apart and each spoke a somewhat divergent dialect; 

 some even claim that these were not mutually intelligible, but there 

 is little evidence for this view. 



There were in all eight branches of the Caddo tribe which are 

 remembered by present day natives as speaking Caddoan: hainai, 

 nabadaitcu, nada'rko, nacidoc, ya't'as, nak'ohodo'tsi, ha'i"c, 

 kayamaici, and kado'adatc'". To these should probably be added 

 the Adai. 



James Mooney lists 12 bands of the Caddo confederacy.^ Of 

 these he identifies one (Imaha) as a small band of Kwapa, and 

 another (Yowani) as a band of Choctaw. Of the remaining 10, 

 9 will be found readily identifiable with the names in the above list; 

 only Mooney's "Nakanawan" is absent. Mooney states that the 

 kado'adatcu'", nada'rko, and hainai called themselves collectively 

 hasinai "our own people". While this may have been used by 

 Caddos for some groups of the people collectively, it seems doubtful 

 that it included just these three, since nabadaitcu and hainai are 

 closely associated together as speaking the same dialect, and as 

 forming the most divergent branch of the Caddo. 



According to informants' statements, at one time all bands of the 

 Caddo spoke divergent dialects, save the hainai and nabadaitcu, 

 whose speech was identical ; in fact they claim that the nabadaitcu 

 was a branch of the Hainai rather than of the Caddo in general. 

 Hainai was the largest band numerically, kado'adatcu'" the second 

 largest. 



The divergence of Hainai dialectically from Caddo proper is sup- 

 ported by a little evidence still obtainable in the form of a few 

 remembered differences in words. These are of two types: slight 

 phonetic differences of a dialectic character; and complete difference 

 of word. In some cases the latter type of difference suggests adop- 

 tion of foreign words, particularly of Spanish words; such occur 



' Nevertheless the possible relation of "harahey" to the Ankara "star-rah-he", 

 as above mentioned, cannot as yet be dismissed. 

 = 14th Ann. Rep., Bur. Amer. Ethnol., p. 1092, 1897. 



