14 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 87 



prominently for words which must be relatively recent in use, such 

 as the word for horse. In Caddo proper, the vocabulary shows 

 instances of multiple synonymy, and more than one word for the 

 same object, which may prove to have resulted from two factors: 

 adoption of foreign words, as Spanish, and preservation of usages of 

 a number of the Caddo bands in the contemporary Caddo proper. 

 Hainai kinship terms and usages also differ from those of Caddo 

 proper. 



Adai is preserved to us in the form of brief vocabularies.' Those 

 words which can be summarily identified with Caddoan stems indi- 

 cate that Adai is probably a divergent dialect of the Caddo. 



Linguistically the Caddo is most divergent of the Caddoan 

 languages in three directions: phonetics, vocabulary and mor- 

 phology. In vocabulary, it shows, as above suggested, a mixture 

 of stems and words from a number of alien sources. 



NOTE ON NAMES APPEARING IN THE CORONADO NARRATIVE' 



It is well known that Coronado, w^hilein the Pueblos in 1540-1541, 

 heard from captive Plains Indians of the lands to the east; and that 

 "Turk", his guide into the Plains, was probably a Pawnee. The 

 name Quivira, used in the Spanish accounts for the land along the 

 eastern Plains to which they were led, is evidently the Pawnee word 

 kiwira. This word is not one which was ever employed as a name 

 for any definite tribe or country. It means "different", "strange". 

 It seems plausible that Turk in trying to describe to the Spaniards 

 the country to the east, explained "it's different", etc., meaning 

 different as to flora, fauna and ways of life from the pueblo country 

 in which the Spaniards then were. If this was the case, kiwira 

 would have been correctly used for his meaning. 



' Latham, R. G., Opuscula, pp. 402-405 (50 words), London, 1860. 



Latham, R. G., Natural history of the varieties of Man, pp. 366-367 (48 words), 

 London, 1850. 



Latham, R. G., Elements of comparative philology, pp. 468-470 (45 words), 

 London, 1862. 



Gallatin, A., Synopsis of the Indian Tribes of North America, Amer. Antiq. 

 Soc. Trans. (135 words from the Sible>' manuscript). 



Trans. Amer. Ethnol. Soc, vol. 2, pt. 1, pp. 95 and 97 (60 words from Sibley), 

 1848. 



Gatschet, A. S., A migration legend of the Creek Indians, p. 42, Philadelphia, 

 1884. Refers to a list of 300 words gathered in 1802 by Martin Duralde, which 

 is now in the Library of the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia. W'c 

 have not seen this last Adai vocabulary. 



'Winship, G. P., The Coronado expedition, 1540-1542, 14th Ann. Rep., Bur. 

 Amer. Ethnol., pt. 1, 1896. 



