NO. 7 SOUTTl WESTERN BASKETRY WELTFISH 39 



at Marsh Pass, Betatakin. Cradle House, other Navaho National 

 Monument sites. Mesa Verde. Johnson Canyon, Canyon del Muerto, 

 White Canyon, Allan Canyon, Butler Canyon, Pueblo Bonito, among 

 the San Diego material from southern Utah, ainong the Wetherill 

 pieces from southwestern Colorado (and southern Utah), Bear Creek 

 on Blue River, Pajarito Plateau, and " Ancient I'ueblo " material. 



The above distinctions, being typological, are, of course, tentative 

 and subject to correction ; where but few specimens are recovered, no 

 range of measurements can be taken and certain measurements are 

 bound to fall in an intermediate class, as, for example, those of the 

 '■ Ancient Pueblo " material. Also, in view of the clcjse association of 

 Clifif Dweller and Basket Maker cultures as indicated by Kidder and 

 Guernsey, and the probability that Cliff Dweller peoples looted Basket 

 Maker remains, where we have only miscellaneous specimens from a 

 location it is likely that we are dealing with a mixture of the types. 



Tiiree-Rod-Triangular Type Coiling (fig. ii) 



Material consistent with Basket Maker type coiling except for 

 three-rod-triangular foundation comes from Navaho Canyon and Cliff 

 Palace (Mesa Verde), Pueblo Bonito, Palatki, Chaves Pass, Chevlon 

 Ruin, and Casa Grande ; one such basket also is in the Wetherill 

 collection. 



In connection with the above three types, it is important to note 

 that all have triangular-form foundations. Triangular- form founda- 

 tion in North American coiled basketry, modern as well as ancient, has 

 a definitely limited distribution. In prehistoric material it occurs in 

 Lovelock Cave as well as in the Southwest. In modern material it 

 occurs among the Pomo-Maidu-Miwok, Paviotso and Southern Paiute. 

 Chemehuevi, Ute, Havasupai. San Carlos and Jicarilla Apache, and 

 Navaho. Its northernmost occurrence is among the Pomo and its 

 southernmost among the San Carlos Apache. It is likely that three- 

 rod-triangular foundation is a later development from two-rod-and- 

 bundle, and that two-rod-and-reed-triangular foundation is a transi- 

 tional step. To the basket maker, the function of the apex element is 

 to bind the courses together. The sewing thread passes through the 

 apex bundle (fig. 2), reed or rod (fig. ii). On the other hand, there 

 is no mechanical reason for placing the lower two elements side by 

 side, save perhaps to thicken the walls ; but this could be accomplished 

 in other ways. Thus the origin of the use of triangular foundations 

 in basketry coiling can not be determined by functional factors, but 

 must rather be credited to historical factors. With this in mind, and 

 considering the limited area of distribution for triangular-form foun- 



