30 SMITHSONIAN" MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 85 



and Diptera. The following literature contains the principal descrip- 

 tions of the abdominal muscles of the various orders of insects known 

 to the w^riter. 



PROTURA : Berlese (1910). COLLEMBOLA : Lubbock (1873). 

 THYSANURA: Grassi (1887), giving the characteristics of the 

 abdominal musculature of Campodca, Japyx, Machilis, and Lepisr.ia. 

 ODONATA: Wallengren (1914), Whedon (1919), Ford (1923), 

 Steiner (1929), with descriptions of muscles of first three segments 

 in adult by Backhoff (1910) and Schmidt (1915), figures showing 

 larval musculature by Calvert (1911, 191 5), and a tabulation of the 

 muscles by Tillyard (1917). EPHEMERIDA: Dtirken (1907). 

 ORTHOPTERA: Gryllus, Voss (1905), DuPorte (1920) ; Dixip- 

 pus, first three abdominal segments, Jeziorski (1918) ; general com- 

 parative study of abdominal muscles of orthopteroid insects, Ford 

 (1923). HEMIPTERA: Aphis fabae, Weber (1928). ANO- 

 PLEURA: Haematopinus suis,¥\or tnce. {1^21). COLEOPTERA: 

 Melolontha, Straus-Diirckheim (1828) ; Hydrophilus, first three 

 abdominal segments, Berlese (1909) ; Dytiscus, Bauer (1910), Speyer 

 (1922), Korschelt (1924) ; larval musculature of other species, Ber- 

 lese (1909), Boving (1914), Craighead (1916), Paterson (1930). 

 LEPIDOPTERA: larval musculature, Lyonet (1762), Lubbock 

 (1859), Berlese (1909), Forbes (1914, 1916). HYMENOPTERA: 

 larval muscles of a chalcid, Tiegs (1922), of the honeybee, Nelson 

 ( 1924) ; adult musculature of pregenital segments of Vespa, Berlese 

 (1909), of Apis, Carlet (1890), Betts (1923), Snodgrass (1925) ; 

 full account of abdominal musculature of Apis, Morison (1927). 

 DIPTERA : larval musculature partly or briefly described or figured 

 in Syrphidae, Kiinckel d'Herculais (1875), in Chirononius, Miall 

 and Hammond (1900), in Anopheles, Imms (1908), in Miisca, 

 Hewitt (1910, 1914), in Rhagoletis, Snodgrass (1924) ; full account 

 of larval muscles of Psychoda, Dirkes (1928), of Culicidae, Samt- 

 leben (1929). 



Less appears to have been done on the body musculature of other 

 Arthropoda than on that of insects. Descriptions of the abdominal 

 muscles of Crustacea will be found in the paper on the musculature 

 of Astacns fluviatilis by Schmidt (1915), in that on Pandalus danae 

 by Berkeley (1928), and in that on Copilia dana by Riester (1931). 

 A paper by Becker (1926) describes the dorsal body musculature 

 of Chilopoda. 



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