NO. 7 PROTECTIVE ADAPTATIONS McATEE 147 



MOLLUSCOIDA 



OsBURN, Raymond C. 



1921. Bryozoa as food for other animals. Science, n. s., vol. 53, pp. 451-453, 

 May 13. Two species of ducks and 10 of fishes noted as predators 

 upon bryozoa. 



ECHINODERMATA 



Clark, Hubert Lyman. 



1920. Echinotlerms in birds' stomachs. Science, n. s., vol. 51, m^. 504-595. 

 June II. Ducks and gulls feeding on holothurians and brittlestars. 

 Dawson, J. W. 



1867. The food of the common sea urchin. Amer. Nat., vol. i, no. 3, pp. 

 124-125, May. Minute seaweeds mixed with diatoms and remains 

 of small sponges. 



ANNULATA 

 Benham, W. B. 



1910. Chaetognatha. Cambridge Nat. Hist., vol. 2, pp. 186-194. " The food 

 of the Chaetognatha consists of floating diatoms, Infusoria, small 

 larvae, and .... Copepods, small Amphipods, larval fishes " ; they 

 are also cannibalistic (p. 190). 

 1910. Polychaeta. Cambridge Nat. Hist., vol. 2, pp. 245-344. " Tiie Nereidi- 

 formia are mostly carnivorous, and feed on small Crustacea, Mol- 

 lusca, sponges, and other animals ; and Polynoids are even said to 

 eat one another." The Terebellids and Cryptocephala feed on minute- 

 organisms strained from water ; the deep sea forms feed on Radio- 

 laria and Foraminifera (p. 296). 

 Blair, W. N. 



1927. Notes on Hirudo medicmalis, the medicinal leech, as a British Species. 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1927, pp. 999-1,002. The larvae live on 

 frog-tadpoles and fish, and the adults on horses and cattle. 

 Miller, John A. 



1929. The leeches of Ohio. Distribution of the species together with what 



is known of their occurrence, food, and habitat. Ohio State Univ. 

 Contr. vol. 2, Stone Labr., 38 pp. Feed on turtles, fishes, frogs, 

 mammals, snails, worms, and insect larvae. 

 Moore, J. Percy. 



1923. The control of blood-sucking leeches, with an account of the leeches 

 of Palisades Interstate Park. Roosevelt Wild Life Bull., vol. 2, 

 no. I, pp. 9-53, I pi., 17 figs., Oct. Natural enemies of leeches 

 include domestic and wild ducks, herons, kingfishers, crows, rats, 

 minks, turtles, snakes, frogs, newts, fishes, crayfishes, dragonflies, 

 and other predacious insects and leeches (pp. 29-30, 36). 



CRUSTACEA 

 BoNNOT, Paul. 



1930. Crayfish. California Fish and Game, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 212-216, 



figs. 65-67, July. Scavengers, will eat anything organic either alive 

 or dead; destroy fish spawn. Are preyed upon by many fishes, 

 other crayfishes, salamanders, snakes, turtles, kingfishers, raccoons, 

 and man. 



