152 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 85 



1915. Birds that feed upon pecan insects. Proc. Nat. Nut Growers' Assoc, 



pp. 40-41, Dec. I. Pecan leaf caterpillar — birds known to feed 

 upon pests of this genus (Dataiia) are robins, starlings, and two 

 species of cuckoos. Fall webworm — four species of birds noted as 

 enemies of this pest. Pecan weevil — 64 kinds of birds are known 

 to feed upon these beetles and congeners. White ants— of the 

 27 species of birds feeding on white ants, a flicker is recorded to 

 have taken 1,100. Oakpruners are known to be preyed upon by 

 four species of birds. Cyllene — five species of birds are recorded 

 as enemies. Bark beetles are devoured by more than 45 kinds of 

 birds. Plant lice and scale insects each are taken by 60 or more 

 species of birds. 



1 916. Economic ornithology in recent entomological publications. The 



Auk, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 216-217, Apr. Twelve-spotted cucumber 

 beetle — 27 species of birds recorded as enemies. Grasshoppers — six 

 species of birds feeding upon them during an outbreak in New 

 Mexico. Pine moth — the hairy woodpecker recorded as the most 

 efficient natural force in restraining the Zimmerman pine moth. 



1 91 6. Economic ornithology in recent entomological publications. The 



Auk, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 448-450, Oct. Army worm (Cirphts uni- 

 puncta) — crows recorded as great destroyers of this pest; cow- 

 birds and grackles also reported doing good work. Meadowlarks 

 and robins observed eating the larvae. The armyworm has many 

 natural enemies, among which are insects, reptiles, birds, and 

 mammals. Skunks and toads undoubtedly eat thousands both of 

 caterpillars and pupae. Clover leafhoppers are recorded taken by 

 nine species of birds. Corn and cotton wireworm (Horistonotus 

 uhleri) — birds are the only enemies of this pest recorded. Velvet- 

 bean caterpillar^ — the " ricebird " and the mockingbird eat many 

 of these. California green lacewing flies (Chrysopa calif ornica) 

 are recorded as taken by two species of birds, the western wood 

 pewee and the nighthawk. 



1917. Bird enemies of a few insect pests. The Auk, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 230- 



231, Apr. Grasshoppers are eaten by practically all birds, excep- 

 tions being the strictly vegetarian doves and pigeons. Fall army- 

 worm — several common wild birds recorded as important enemies. 

 Cabbageworm — the English sparrow, chipping sparrow and house 

 wren recorded as enemies of this pest. Velvetbean caterpillars 

 are preyed upon by the red-winged blackbird, the mockingbird, 

 and the field sparrow. 



1918. Economic ornithology in recent entomological publications. The 



Auk, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 251-253. Apr. Potato aphid {Macrosiphwn 

 solanifolii) — chipping sparrows, quail, and English sparrows ob- 

 served feeding on this pest. Sweet-potato leaf folder (PUocrocis 

 tripimctata) reported taken by the boat-tailed grackle. Cabbage 

 looper (Autographa hrassicae) — boat-tailed grackle observed feed- 

 ing on adults and larvae. Pecan-leaf casebearer (Acrobasis nebu- 

 lella) larvae taken by three species of birds. Fall webworm 

 (Hypliantria texlor) — red-eyed vireos recorded as destroying about 

 40 per cent of the larvae in Nova Scotia in 1916; other bird foes 



