NO. 7 PROTECTIVE ADAPTATIONS McATEE I 53 



noted are yellow-hilled cuckoos and Baltimore orioles. Emperor 

 moth (Saiiiia cccropia) — cocoons destroyed hy woodpeckers. 



1918. Economic ornithology in recent entomological puhlications. The 



Auk, vol. 35. no. 4, pp. 493-495, Oct. Round-headed apple tree borer 

 {Sapcrda Candida) — entomologists record birds as enemies; the 

 present note names five species as feeding upon the adults. Root- 

 worms — 37 species of birds recorded as enemies of Diabrotica 

 duodecimpunctata , and 22, species as enemies of Diabrotica sorcyr. 

 Green plant-bugs (Necara spp.) identified in stomachs of 31 kinds 

 of birds, loo individuals being found in the stomach of a Franklin's 

 gull. Whitegrubs {Lachnostcrna spp.) taken by 78 species of 

 birds and 2 of toads. 



1919. Economic ornithology in recent entomological publications. The 



Auk, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 305-307, Apr. Woodpeckers noted as prey- 

 ing extensively upon larch bark beetles and borers. Grape root 

 borer (Mcmythrus polistiformis) — the crested flycatcher observed 

 feeding on the adults. Peach-tree borers (Saiminoidea exitiosa and 

 S. pictipcs) — two species of birds recorded as foes. Cankerworms 

 preyed upon by 75 species of birds. Whitegrubs — several groups 

 of birds named as enemies. 



1920. Economic ornithology in recent entomological publications. The 



Auk, vol. :37, no. 2, pp. 322-325, Apr. False wireworms {Eleodes) — 

 24 species of birds recorded as enemies. Lotus borer (Pyratista 

 penitalis) — red- winged blackbirds noted as foes of this pest. Round- 

 headed apple tree borer {Sapcrda Candida) — "Woodpeckers de- 

 stroy great numbers of the borers by removing them from their 



burrows In some cases from 50 to 75 per cent." Ten kinds 



of birds recorded as enemies. Flat-headed apple tree borer — 12 

 species of birds recorded as preying upon the adults of Chryso- 

 bothris. Striped cucumber beetle {Diabrotica vittata) — 17 species 

 of birds noted as foes. Grainbugs {Chlorochroa spp.) recorded as 

 taken by eight species of birds. Whitegrubs {Phyllophaga) preyed 

 upon by 81 species of birds, the common crow being the most 

 important enemy of both adults and larvae. 



1921. Economic ornithology in recent entomological publications. The 



Auk, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 302-304, Apr. Spotted apple tree borer 

 {Sapcrda cretata) — "by far the most effective natural check to the 

 increase of this borer seems to be the woodpeckers." Clover stem 

 borer {Languria 3«.o.c;ar(fi)— hymenopterous parasites, toads, and 

 five kinds of birds recorded as enemies. Beet leaf beetle {Monoxia 

 puncticolUs) — enemies recorded are ladybird beetles, a stink bug, 

 parasites, toads, and birds. Cabbage flea beetles {Phyllotrcta spp.) 

 12 kinds of birds noted as foes. Grapevine flea beetle {Altica chaly- 

 bea) — eight species of birds recorded as feeding upon this insect. 

 Clover leaf weevil {Hypcra punctata) preyed upon by 42 species 

 of birds. 



1922. Local suppression of agricultural pests by birds. Smithsonian Rep. 



1920, pp. 411-438, pis. 1-3. In more than 70 cases birds apparently 

 exterminated one or another of 32 insect pests locally. 



