NO. 7 PROTECTIVE ADAPTATIONS McATEE I 59 



Badenoch, L. N. 



1899. [Enemies of locusts.] True tales of the insects, pp. 127-128. Especially 

 " locust birds " ; but bears, skunks, squirrels, mice, frogs, and lizards 

 are mentioned. 

 Bruner, Lawrence. 



1902. Grasshopper notes for 1901. Bull. 38, Div. Ent., pp. 39-49. Chickens, 

 turkeys, blackbirds, sage grouse and sharp-tail grouse mentioned 

 as natural enemies. 



1905. Grasshopper conditions in Nebraska, Northeastern Colorado, Wyom- 

 ing, Montana, and Western Kansas during the summer of 1904. 

 Bull. 54, U. S. Bur. Ent., pp. 60-64. " Magnificent examples " of 

 the usefulness of gulls as grasshopper destroyers ; turkeys used to 

 combat the insects. 

 Bryant, H. C. 



1912. Birds in relation to a grasshopper outbreak in California. Univ. 

 California Publ. in Zool., vol. 11, no. i, pp. 1-20, Nov. Los Banos; 

 15 species of land birds were found to eat the insects. Tame ducks 

 also important. The native birds were calculated to be destroying 

 daily 120,445 grasshoppers per square mile. 

 Burrill, a. C. 



1920. Meadowlarks control cricket pest. California Fish and Game, vol. 6, 

 no. I, p. 38, Jan. Meadowlarks recorded as important enemies of 

 the coulee cricket. 

 Griddle, Norman. 



1920. Birds in relation to insect control. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 34, no. 8, 

 pp. 152-153, Nov. Crows, gulls, black terns, blackbirds, and grouse 

 recorded as destroying large numbers of grasshoppers. 



1922. [Enemies of grasshoppers.] Can. Field-Nat., vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 66-68, 

 Apr. Diptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, birds, mammals (skunks, 

 badgers, weasels, pocket mice, shrews, gophers), snakes, toads, and 

 frogs. 

 Gillette, C. P. 



1905. The western cricket. Colorado Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. loi, 16 pp., 

 Apr. Anabrus simplex. Bears and coyotes feed upon this pest but 

 birds destroy them in greatest numbers ; hawks, sage grouse and 

 blackbirds noted (p. 7). 

 Grasse, p. 



1924. Les ennemis des Acridiens ravageurs francais. Rev. Zool. Agr. Appl., 

 Bull. Soc. Zool. Agr., vol. 23, no. i, pp. 1-14, pi. i, figs. 1-4, Jan. 

 Mammals, birds, reptiles, spiders, mites, wasps, beetles, flies, nema- 

 todes and Protozoa. 

 Lugger, Otto. 



1889. Notes on the Rocky Mountain locust in Otter Tail County, Minne- 

 sota, in 1888. 5th Bienn. Rep. Dep. Agr. Minn., Suppl. i, pp. 

 305-343, 22 figs. Nematodes, mites, tachina flies, bee flies, blister 

 beetles, ground beetles, soldier beetles, robber flies, digger wasps, 

 dragonflies, birds, skunks, shrews, toads, snakes, and turtles 

 mentioned as enemies. 

 II 



