NO. 



PROTECTIVE ADAPTATIONS McATEE 167 



Burgess, A. F., and Grossman, S. S. 



1929. Imported insect enemies of the gipsy moth and the brown-tail moth. 

 U. S. Dep. Agr. Techn. Bull. 86, 147 pp., 6 pis., 55 figs. More 

 than 93 million parasites and predators liberated and a high degree 

 of control was obtained by 1924; parasite population fluctuates. 

 Heteroptera, dermestids, spiders, nematodes, mites, birds, and fungi 

 contribute to the mortality, as do starvation and severe weather. 

 Chittenden, F. H. 



1916. The common cabbage worm. Farmers' Bull. 766, U. S. Dep. Agr.. 

 p. 9, Nov. The English sparrow, chipping sparrow, and house 

 wren are known to feed upon cabbageworms. It is certain that 

 other species eat them — one instance noted where the pupae were 

 reduced more than 90 per cent by birds. 



1922. List of natural enemies of the celery leaf-tyer {Phlyctacnia rubigalis 

 Guen.). Can. Ent., vol. 64, no. 8, p. 174, Aug. Twelve hymenop- 

 terous parasites. 

 Clark, A. H. 



1926. Carnivorous butterflies. Smithsonian Rep. 1925, pp. 439-508, figs. 

 1-5. Lycaenidae feeding on ants or upon ant-tended insects, as 

 aphids, coccids, jassids, and membracids. 



COCKERELL, T. D. A. 



1898. Preliminary notes on the codling moth. Bull. 25, New Mexico Agr. 

 Exp. Sta., pp. 55-58. Woodpeckers, and quite likely the kinglet, 

 bats, toads, hymenopterous parasites, clerid beetle larvae, and 

 parasitic fungi are recorded as enemies of the codling moth. Men- 

 tion is also made of the house mouse. 

 Collins, C. W. 



1926. Observations on a recurring outbreak of Helcrocampa gutthntta 

 Walker and natural enemies controlling it. Journ. Agr. Research, 

 vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 689-699, Apr. 1. List of 15 hymenopterous, 

 dipterous, and nematode parasites, and 8 coleopterous, hemipterous, 

 and mammalian predators. Bibliography. 

 COMSTOCK, J. H. 



1879. Report upon cotton insects. U. S. Agr. Comm. 1879, Sn PP-. 3 pls., 

 yj figs. Enemies of the cottonworm (pp. 138-214) include hogs, 

 dogs, cats, raccoons, bats, wild birds, poultry, spiders, Chrysopa, 

 dragonflies, mantis, Hemiptera, robber flies, tiger beetles, ground 

 beetles, soldier beetles, ladybirds, boll worms, wasps, ants, chalcid, 

 ichneumonid, and tachinid parasites, flesh flies and phorids. 

 COOLEY, R. A. 



1908. An army cutworm {Chorizagrotis anxiliaris) . Bull. 71, Montana 

 Exp. Sta., pp. 146-147. Several species of wild birds, domestic 

 fowls, parasitic flies and wasps, besides beetles, are named as foes. 

 1930. The codling moth. Bull. 42, Montana Exp. Sta., p. 7. Birds con- 

 sidered to be great destroyers of this insect. 

 Criddle, Norman. 



1920. Fragments in the life-habits of Manitoba insects — IL Can. Ent., 

 vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 121-125, July. Protcoptcryx orcgonana checked 

 by parasites, Calosoma, and birds. 



