NO. 7 PROTECTIVE ADAPTATIONS McATEE 1 69 



Gill, Johx B. 



1913. The fruit-tree leaf roller. U. S. Dep. Agr. Bull. 116, pt. 5, pp. 91-110, 

 pis. 12-16, Mar. Archips argyrospUa — eight species of birds, para- 

 sitic Hymenoptera and Diptera and predacious beetles and ants 

 recorded as enemies ; a small mite also noted feeding upon the 

 eggs of the leaf-roller (p. 102). 

 Gillette, Clarence P. 



1905. The beet webworm. Colorado Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 98, pp. 3-12, 2 pis.. 

 Mar. Loxostcge sticticalis. Records of insect-eating birds devour- 

 ing these in quantities, mention being made of large flocks of 

 blackbirds. Parasitic Hymenoptera also noted (pp. lo-ii). 

 Hardenberg, C. B. 



1912. The willow tree caterpillar (Angelica tyrrhca. Cramer). Agr. 

 Journ. South Africa, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 397-418, Sept. Parasitic 

 flies and wasps attack the caterpillar and eggs. The larvae are 

 reported to be distasteful to birds although they are said to be 

 eaten by some tribes of Kaffirs. Guinea fowls and meerkats feed 

 upon the pupae, and moles probably do so. They are also attacked 

 by a fungus (pp. 412-416). 

 Haskin, J. R, 



1916. Butterflies as food for squirrels. Ent. News, vol. 27, no. 8, p. 370, Oct. 

 McUtaea chalcedon, evidence of destruction of 25 or more by gray 

 squirrels ; California. 

 Herrick, Glenn W. 



1910. The snow-white linden moth. Bull. 286, Cornell Agr. Exp. Sta., pp. 

 51-64, figs. 54-58, Nov. English sparrow freed cities of this pest — 

 Ennomos suhsignarhis (p. 62). 



HORTON, J. R. 



1922. A swallow-tail butterfly injurious to California orange trees {Papilio 

 zolicaon Boisd.). Monthly Bull. Dep. Agr. California, vol. 11, 

 no. 4, pp. 277-2,%7, Apr. Larvae of Chrysopa californica sometimes 

 destroy 80-90 per cent of the eggs. Young caterpillars eaten by 

 same foe, also by Zehis rcnardi, and a hymenopterous parasite ; 

 the pupa by Chalcis ovata (p. 385). 

 Howard, L. O. 



1904. The insect book. The Nature Library, vol. 8, pp. 56-57. Parasitic 

 Hymenoptera attacking the cotton caterpillar ; an instance of de- 

 struction of 95 per cent of the eggs. 

 Howard, L. O. and Chittenden, F. H. 



1907. The catalpa sphinx {Ccratomia catalpac Bdv.). Circ. 96, U. S. Bur. 

 Ent., p. 6. Cuckoos, the catbird and the Baltimore oriole recorded 

 as enemies. 



1909. The green-striped maple worm (Anisota nibiciinda Fab.). Circ. no, 

 U. S. Bur. Ent., p. 5. Domestic fowls and nine species of wild 

 birds recorded as enemies. 

 Johnson, E. E. 



1926. Birds eating butterflies. The Field, London, vol. 147, p. 658, Apr. 15. 

 Observations made of a stonechat taking butterflies. 



