1/2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 85 



Phillips, W. J. and King, Kenneth M. 



1923. The corn earworm. Farmers' Bull. 1310, U. S. Dep. Agr., 17 pp., 

 18 figs., Jan. Heliothis obsolcta. Seventeen species of birds, egg 

 parasites, and other parasitic insects, certain ants, and spiders 

 recorded as foes. The earworms' cannibalistic habit is the most 

 important factor in reducing its attacks on corn (pp. 10-12). 



Phipps, C. R. 



1927. The black army cutworm. Maine Agr. .Exp. Sta., Bull. 340, pp. 201- 



216, figs. 29-30, May. Agrotis fcnnica. Three kinds of flies and 

 one of wasp parasites, predators including bugs, beetles, wasps, 

 and birds recorded as enemies (pp. 212-213). 



Plank, H. K. 



1929. Natural enemies of the sugar cane moth stalkborer in Cuba. Ann. 

 Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 22, pp. 621-640, 7 figs. Its burrowing habit 

 is " an admirable protection against direct, or artificial, but does 

 not seem to afford any great amount of protection against the 

 attack of a rather formidable array of natural enemies." Tachinids, 

 sarcophagids, and Hymenoptera recorded as parasites, and earwigs, 

 beetles, and ants as predators. Bibliography. 



Poos, F. W. 



1928. An annotated list of some parasitic insects. Proc. Ent. Soc. 



Washington, vol. 30, no. 8, pp. 145-150, Nov. Parasites varying 

 from I to 14 in number bred from each of 19 hosts, mostly 

 Lepidoptera. 

 POULTON, E. B. 



191 1. The attacks of tachinid flies upon the African Danaine genus Amauris. 

 Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 191 1, p. xcix. Twenty out of 25 pupae 

 of Amauris psyttalca parasitized; another lot all parasitized. This 

 a good indication enemies of adults are scarce; otherwise species 

 would be rare. 



QUAINTANCE, A. L. 



1908. The apple-tree tent caterpillar (Malacosoma amcricana). Circ. 98, 

 U. S. Bur. Ent., p. 6. Black-billed and yellow-billed cuckoos, blue- 

 jay, crow, chickadee, Baltimore oriole, red-eyed vireo, chipping 

 sparrow, and yellow warbler mentioned as enemies ; also the com- 

 mon toad. 

 Sanderson, E. D. 



1903. The codling moth. Bull. 59, Delaware Agr. Exp. Sta., pp. 7-8. 

 Parasitic worms and insects, soldier beetles, named as enemies as 

 well as 10 or more species of birds which are the most efficient. 



1905. The gipsy moth in New Hampshire. Bull. 121, New Hampshire 



Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 99. Ground beetles, parasitic insects, and 

 several species of birds are recorded as preying upon the gipsy 

 moth. 



1906. The brown-tailed moth in New Hampshire. Second report. Bull. 



122, New Hampshire Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 127. Parasitic insects, 

 predacious bugs, toads, bats, and several species of birds, particu- 

 larly the English sparrow, recorded as enemies. 



