174 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 85 



Tot HILL, John D. 



1922. The natural control of the fall webworm [Hyphantria cunea Drury] 



in Canada together with an account of its several parasites. Dep. 

 Agr. Dominion of Canada, Bull. 3, n. s. (techn.), 107 pp., 6 pis., 

 99 figs. Tabulations of the destruction by various enemies in differ- 

 ent localities and years; birds average most important, parasites 

 sometimes important, sometimes not. 



1923. Notes on the outbreaks of spruce budworm, forest tent caterpillar, 



and larch sawfly in New Brunswick. Proc. Acadian Ent. Soc, 

 vol. 8, 1922, pp. 172-182. Spruce budworm. Natural checks effective 

 in New Brunswick were eggs, larvae, and pupal parasites, spiders, 

 and birds ; and in British Columbia, parasites and birds. Nothing 

 of importance on enemies of the other forms. 

 Trouvelot, Leopold. 



1868. The American silkworm. Amer. Nat., vol. i, pp. 30-38, 85-94, I45- 

 149. Telea polyphemus. Thrushes, catbirds, orioles ; 95 out of a 

 hundred worms become the prey of these feathered insect hunters. 

 U. S. Entomological Commission. 



1883. 3rd Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., p. 125. All insectivorous birds, hogs, 

 chickens, turkeys, toads, and frogs prey upon the armyworm. 

 " The worms themselves, when hard pushed, will even devour each 

 other." 



1883. 3rd Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., pp. 175-178. Forty or more species of 

 wild birds, notable mention being made of bluebirds, cedarbirds 

 and butcherbirds, and parasitic and predacious insects, also hogs, 

 are recorded as enemies of the cankerworm. 



1885. 4th Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., pp. 87-90. More than 20 species of wild 

 birds, poultry, hogs, raccoons, skunks, opossums, bats, tree frogs, 

 lizards, spiders, and numerous kinds of predacious insects are 

 recorded as preying upon the cottonworm. 

 ViCKERY, R. A. 



1929. Studies on the fall army worm in the Gulf Coast District of Texas. 

 Techn. Bull. 138, U. S. Dep. Agr., 63 pp. Numerous hymenopterous 

 parasites sometimes destroy 40-50 per cent of the caterpillars. 

 Warren, B. H. 



1897. The army worm. Ann. Rep. Pennsylvania State Coll. 1896, pp. 164- 

 220, 16 pis. Much on natural enemies including tachinids and 

 ichneumonids, ground beetles, birds, mammals, and toads. 

 Webster, R. L. 



1909. The lesser apple leaf-folder. Iowa State Coll. Exp. Sta. Bull. 102, 

 pp. 181-212, figs. 1-13, Mar. Peronea niinuta — tachinid and hymen- 

 opterous parasites recorded as the most important natural enemies 

 although birds and diseases are also important factoVs (pp. 

 206-211). 

 Weed, C. M. 



1899. The forest tent caterpillar. Bull. 64, New Hampshire Agr. Exp. 

 Sta., pp. 77-98, figs. 20-33, Apr. Clisiocampa disstria — preyed upon 

 by insects, spiders, toads, and birds. Ten kinds of birds feeding 

 on larvae, one on the cocoons and four on the adults. 



