NO. 7 PROTECTIVE ADAPTATIONS McATEE 1/5 



1899. The spiny elm caterpillar. Bull. ()"], New Hampshire Agr. Exp. Sta., 



pp. 125-141, figs. 40-51, Oct. Vanessa antiopa — egg parasites 

 chalcid, ichneumonid and tachinid flies on caterpillars; Calosoma, 

 wasps, cuckoos, and toads named as enemies (pp. 138-140). 



1900. Insect record for 1899. Bull. 72, New Hampshire Exp. Sta., pp. 



64-65. The Baltimore oriole and the cuckoos are especially noted 

 as enemies of tent caterpillars. 

 1900. The forest tent caterpillar. Second report. Bull. 75, New Hampshire 

 Exp. Sta., pp. 120-121. Eighteen or more species of birds are 

 recorded as preying upon these caterpillars. 

 1902. [Enemies of cankerworms.] Bull. 90, New Hampshire Agr. Exp. 

 Sta., 1902, p. 35, Mar. Robins, bluebirds, cedarbirds, and many 

 others feed freely upon the pests. 



West, L. S. 



1923. Immunity to parasitism in Samia cccropia Linn. (Lep. : Saturniidae; 

 Dip.: Tachinidae.) Ent. News, vol. 34, no. i, pp. 23-25, Jan. Ineffec- 

 tiveness of attack of 35-40 tachinid larvae ; nevertheless lists two 

 Tachinidae and eight species of Hymenoptera that do successfully 

 parasitize this host. 



YOTHERS, M. A. 



1913. Eugonia californica Bdv. in the Pacific Northwest. Can. Ent., vol. 



45, no. 12, pp. 421-422, Dec. " I think that the total disappearance 



of these caterpillars and chrysalids was no doubt due to birds " 



(p. 422). 

 Young, R. A. 



1907. Insects affecting the poplar. Proc. Columbus Hort. Soc. 1906, pp. 



68-82. Birds constitute an important agency in keeping tlie 



Hcinerocampa Icucostigina in check (p. 74). 



COLEOPTERA 



Agassiz, L., and Cabot, J. Elliot. 



1850. Lake Superior, etc., p. ~2. Monochamus scntcUaris preyed upon by 

 Canada jay and two species of Picoidcs. 

 Blackman, M. W. 



1915. Observations on the life history and habits of Pityogcnes hopkinsi 

 Swaine. Techn. Publ. no. 2, New York State Coll. Forestry, pp. 

 11-66, 6 pis., Nov. Natural enemies include lieetles, mites, and 

 parasitic Hymenoptera (pp. 53-56). 

 Britten, H. 



1926. A pentatomid bug preying on beetle larvae. North Western Nat., 

 vol. I, p. 38. Rhacognathus punctatus found sucking larvae of 

 beetle {Hydrothassa marginella). 

 ig2/. Red ants and beetles. North Western Nat., vol. 2, p. 256. Myrinica 

 ruginodis killing beetles {Mclandrya caraboides) . 

 Brooks, F. E. 



1919. The flat-headed apple-tree borer. Farmers' Bull. 1065, U. S. Dep. 

 Agr., 12 pp., 13 figs. Chrysobothris femorata. Woodpeckers, and 

 other birds, ants, and six species of hymenopterous parasites re- 

 corded as enemies (p. 9). 



