NO. 7 PROTECTIVE ADAPTATIONS McATEE 179 



Thomas, C. A. 



1931. The predatory enemies of Elateridae (Coleoptcra). Ent. News, vol. 

 42, no. 5, pp. 137-140, May; no. 6, pp. 158-167, June. Mites, 

 pseudoscorpions, spiders, hemiptera, beetles, flies, hymenoptera, 

 amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals ; birds most important ; 

 predators more effective than parasites. Bibliography. 

 Webb, J. L. 



1906. The western pine-destroying bark beetle. Bull. 58, pt. 2, U. S. Bur. 

 Ent., pp. 17-30, pis. 2-3, figs. 7-12. Dcndroctonus brevicornis. 

 Woodpeckers destroyed large percentage in some trees (p. 27). 

 Webster, F. M. 



1880. Notes upon the food of predacious beetles. Bull. Illinois State Lab. 

 Nat. Hist., vol. i, no. 3, pp. 149-152, Nov. Chiefly on vegetarian 

 Carabidae but notes on carnivorous species of Carabidae, Staphy- 

 linidae, and Lampyridae ; the prey mentioned includes plant lice, 

 cricket, grasshopper, and beetles. 

 1892. Underground insect destroyers of the wheat plant. Bull. Ohio Agr. 

 Exp. Sta., vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 221-247, 8 figs., Dec. Wireworms — 

 crows, thrushes, robins, blackbirds (p. 228). Whitegrubs— poultry, 

 crows, jays, nighthawks, robin, catbird, brown thrasher, wood 

 thrush, red-headed woodpecker ; swine, bats, badger, weasel, martin, 

 rat, skunk, raccoon, fox, mole, frogs, digger wasps, robber flies, 

 and fungi (pp. 236-237). 

 1 9 13. The southern corn rootworm, or budworm. U. S. Dep. Agr. Bull. 5, 

 II pp., 2 figs., Sept. Diabrotica 12-piinctafa — 12 species of birds 

 and parasitic flies (pp. 9-10). 

 1913. The western corn rootworm. Bull. 8, U. S. Dep. Agr., 8 pp., 5 figs., 

 Sept. Diabrotica longicornis preyed upon by nighthawks, wood 

 pewees, a parasitic fly, and chinch bug fungus (p. 6). 



WiLDERMUTH, V. L. 



1910. The clover-root curculio. Bull. 85, pt. 3, U. S. Bur. Ent., pp. 29-38, 

 figs. 15-19. Sitones hispiJitliis—14 species of birds recorded as 

 enemies (p. 37). 

 Wilson, C. B. 



1923-1924. Life history of the scavenger water beetle Hydrous {Hydro- 

 philus) triangularis, and its economic relations to fish breeding. 

 Bull. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 39, PP- 9-38, 22 figs. Food of larvae, 

 snails, midge larvae, fishes, other water beetle larvae, tadpoles, and 

 several groups of insects and crustaceans in smaller quantity. Food 

 of adults, vegetable matter, fishes. Enemies of Hydrnphilus in- 

 clude cannibalistic larvae, dragonfly nymphs, frogs, fishes, birds. 

 Bibliography. 



1923-1924. Water beetles in relation to pondfish culture, with life histories 

 of those found in fishponds at Fairport, Iowa. Bull. U. S. Bur. 

 Fisheries, vol. 39, pp. 231-345, figs. I-I43- Larvae highly camiibal- 

 istic, dragonfly nymphs are enemies, as are also, mites, hydra, 

 ants, fishes, turtles, frogs, and snails ; foes of pupae include hymen- 

 opterous parasites, horse fly larvae, and ants; of adults, turtles, 

 fishes, birds, toads, and frogs. Notes are given on the feeding 



