l80 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 85 



habits of the larvae and adults of a number of water beetles ; fish 

 destruction not so apparent as would have been inferred from 

 previous literature. Bibliography. 



MECAPTERA 



Predacious. 



DIPTERA 

 Alexander, Charles P. 



1920. The crane-flies of New York. Mem. 38, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. 

 Sta., pp. 699-1132, pis. 12-97, June. Ninety-one species of birds, 

 besides foxes, mice, shrews, moles, amphibians, fishes, mites, spiders, 

 dragonflies, Diptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Protozoa recorded 

 as enemies of crane flies in one stage or another (pp. 721-734). 

 Bromley, S. W. 



1923. Observations on the feeding habits of robber flies. Part I. Psyche, 

 vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 41-45, Apr. Tabulation of the prey of 26 Procta- 

 canthus rufiis, all Hymenoptera and in 14 cases honey bees. Six 

 records for P. brevipennis include three of beetles, one ant, one 

 blow fly, and one assassin bug. 



1930. Bee-killing robber flies. Journ. New York Ent. Soc, vol. 38, no. 2, 

 pp. 159-176, pi. ID, June. Especially the honey bee; review of 

 records from various countries ; discussion of the U. S. species, 

 with notes on other kinds of prey taken by some of them. The 

 Dasypogcninae tend to favor Hymenoptera, the Laphriinae beetles, 

 while the Asilinae are more general feeders. 

 BURRILL, A. C. 



1013. Economic and biologic notes on the giant midge: Chironomus 

 (Tcndipes) plumosus Meigen. Bull. Wisconsin Nat. Hist. Soc, 

 vol. ID, nos. 3-4, pp. 124-163, Apr. Swallows, red-winged black- 

 birds as enemies (p. 146) ; other notes in annotated bibliography 

 refer to fishes, birds, Utricularia, and fungi as natural checks. 



1913. Notes on Lake Michigan swarms of chironomids ; quantitative notes 

 on spring insects. Bull. Wisconsin Nat. Hist. Soc, vol. 11, nos. 1-2, 

 pp. 52-69, June. Enemies of adults include mites, spiders, ants, and 

 birds (pp. 66-67). 



COCKERELL, T. D. A. 



1894. On the habits of some Asilidae. Ent. News, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 173- 

 174, June. Mallophora jaiUrix eating Odynerus sp. ; Mallophora 

 sp. eating honey bee ; Proctacanthns philadelphicus preying upon 

 Erax dubius, and butterfly, Synchloe lacinla var. crocale ; Procta- 

 canthns milberti preying upon Bembex sp. and honey bee; Pro- 

 ■machiis princcps preying upon Odynerus anmdatits. 



CUTHBERTSON, ALEXANDER. 



1926. The trout as a natural enemy of crane-flies. Scottish Nat., 1926, pp. 



85-88. Salmo fario an important consumer of crane flies in all 



stages ; earthworms, phalangids, and click beetles also in the 



stomachs. 

 1926. Spiders as enemies of crane-flies. Scottish Nat., 1926, pp. 127-129. 



List of species that eat crane flies, of which the names are given. 



Special study of the prey found in webs of the wood spiders Zilla 



atrica and Z. x-notata. 



