6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 85 



In former times a certain aloofness was maintained by the towns 

 of one moiety toward those of the other. They did not encourage 

 intermarriage and did not attend each other's annual ceremonies. 

 This latter inhibition is now breaking down and it is claimed that 

 men of all towns attend the busk of Otciapofa. Otciapofa, however, 

 has long occupied an exceptional position. A chief belonging to the 

 Bird clan of this town always delivered the principal speech when 

 a new chief of the Confederation was installed. This town was also 

 the residence of the Creek dictator Alexander McGillivray, and it 

 was here that Crazy Snake, leader of the Creek conservatives, 

 called his important councils. Evidently the functions of the White 

 and Red sides in maintaining peace or bringing on hostilities were 

 formerly of great importance and some White towns, certainly 

 Apalachicola and Coosa, were places of refuge for murderers. The 

 " regular " ball games, as distinguished from practice games, always 

 took place between towns of different sides and the supporters of 

 each town marched to the encounter in much the same spirit as if 

 they were going to war. 



The principal White towns were : Kasihta, Apalachicola, Hitchiti, 

 Okmulgee, Sawokli, Yuchi, Abihka, Coosa, Otciapofa, Tulsa, 

 Okfuskee, Okchai (including LaJogalga and Asilanabi), Pakana, 

 Koasati, Tuskegee, and Wiogufki. 



The principal Red towns were: Coweta (including Likatcka), 

 Eufaula, Chiaha, Osochi, Tukabahchee, Liwahali, Laptako, Atasi, 

 Kealedji, and Hilibi. Alabama changed from White to Red in the 

 manner described. 



The people of each town were subdivided into clans which were 

 usually named after animals and were invariably perpetuated in the 

 female line. The only clan of importance not named for an animal 

 was the Wind clan and with this the Skunk was closely associated, 

 the Skunk clan having always been linked with it. I obtained the 

 names of over 50 clans but some of these were known to only one 

 or two informants, and a number of others were small and bound 

 into phratral associations with clans of greater ])rominence. Some 

 clans were considered as equivalents throughout tlie entire nation. 

 The Skunk, Fish, Rabbit, Otter, and Turtle seem always to have 

 been united in one phratry with the Wind; the Wolf and Salt with 

 the Bear ; the Pahosa with the Deer ; the Wildcat with the Panther ; 

 and the Turkey and Tami with the Alligator. In the same way the 

 Snake, Kapitca, and Woksi were almost invariably counted in with 

 the Aktayatci ; the Mole, Toad, and Tcikote always went together 

 and were generally allied with the Deer and Pahosa ; and the 



