NO. 8 CREEK SQUARE GROUNDS SWANTON I9 



ta'pala Nokos Fiksiko (Bear) 



" Tami Hiitkutci ( Tami ) 



yahaikas Kapitca Fiksiko (Aktayatci), and 



Pin Hadjo (Tami) 



Captain of the Light Horsemen Yahola Tcapko (Tami) 



rOktcan Hadjo (Bear) 



Light Horsemen .< FCis Yaholutc (Beaver) 



[Kapitcntci (Aktayatci) 



The ta'palas functioned at the women's dance, the yahaikas sang 

 at the women's dance and at the feather dance. 



My original Tulsa data, published in the Forty-second Annual 

 Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology (p. 213), was obtained 

 from an old man and was intended to reflect the most ancient 

 arrangement he could remember. Since that time the Tulsa Indians 

 who used to meet at the Little River ground have divided and 

 maintain two distinct squares. The general agreement between the 

 older and the later plan is therefore surprisingly close. The principal 

 difference seems to be in the position given the Aktayatci who appear 

 in the north bed in the earlier plan and in the south bed in the later 

 one. The earlier plan may also be in error in the position given the 

 medicine pots but this was subject to change from town to town and 

 during the ceremony itself. The Eagle clan, which appears on the 

 older plan, died out so long ago that it can barely be remembered 

 by any living Creeks. 



NUYAKA 



The plan of this ground is given in Figure 4 and a view of it as 

 it appeared some years ago in Plate 2, Figure i . 



The positions of hilis haya, hilis tcalaba, and tutka dTdja were held 

 for four years when the man and clan were changed so as to teach 

 others the duties of these offices. The tastanagis and imalas had 

 become confined to one or two clans. The hoktagi immiko and his 

 heniha controlled the women's dance and were called istatcagas. The 

 term hola'ta was applied to a certain class at the square grotuid 

 in some towns, sometimes to the Tcilokis, but its application here is 

 not explained. The first ta'pala acted under the women's chief. He 

 was taken from the Bear clan, or, failing that, from the following 

 in order of preference: Wind, Raccoon, Tami. 



In taking the medicines they drank of the miko hoyanldja first 

 and pasa second. 



A rock was placed under the miko's seat " to make the seat heavy." 

 Anciently there was a tcokufa northeast of the scjuare. Nowadays 

 the ground is hoed oft' only once a year. 



