l6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL.84 



and published in the Gardeners Monthly for October, November, and 

 December of that year. It considered a number of injurious Coleop- 

 tera, and was evidently the result of careful observation. He had 

 published about insects before this to a slight extent, and in fact 

 there is a recorded newspaper article of August, 1854, on the cottony 

 cushion scale. Doctor Rathvon continued to work and to publish 

 about injurious insects, mainly in farmers' and gardeners' journals, 

 until 1880. He died in 1891. His title of doctor was not gained until 

 late in life ; the Ph. D. was given to him in 1878 by Franklin and 

 Marshall College for his long and important work. In 1869 he 

 assumed editorial charge of the Lancaster Farmer, continuing until 

 the journal suspended in 1884. In the columns of this periodical he 

 is seen at his best as a scientific writer. 



Towncnd Glover having temporarily left the United States service 

 in the early i86o's, Doctor Rathvon contributed to the United States 

 Agricultural Reports for i860 and 1862, two illustrated papers which 

 treated of the several orders of insects in a popular manner. 



One of the most famous of American entomologists began to 

 write on economic entomology in 1861 judging by the record given 

 in the " Bibliography of American Economic Entomology." This 

 was Dr. A. S. Packard, Jr., and the first contribution, just indicated, 

 was entitled " Entomological Report on the Army Worm and Grain 

 Aphis," in the Sixth Annual Report of the Maine State Board of Agri- 

 culture. We learn, however, from the very full biographical memoir 

 of Packard by T. D. A. C'uckerell, published in Volume 9 of the 

 Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences, that in i860 Pack- 

 ard wrote papers on economic entomology for the Maine Farmer. 

 From that time until his death in 1905 Packard was an inveterate 

 worker and prolific writer. His bibliography includes 579 titles, very 

 many of which relate to economic entomology although he was a 

 very broad entomologist and published mainly upon other aspects of 

 the science — in fact, upon other aspects of zoology. There are, how- 

 ever, 58 titles of articles which may be termed economic. 



Packard held many positions in the course of his life, and in fact 

 published three annual reports on the injurious and beneficial insects 

 of Massachusetts ( 1871-3). With Riley and Thomas, he was a mem- 

 ber of the United States Entomological Commission, and therefore 

 co-author of most of its reports and bulletins. His most important 

 personal work connected with the Commission was his bulletin 

 (No. 7) and his large report (the Fifth Report of the Commission) 

 on insects injurious to forest and shade trees. These publications, 

 while very largely compilations, contained very many previously unre- 



