20 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL.84 



this with a paper giving additional observations on the same subject 

 in the Fifth Report (1872). 



G. E. Brackett, of Maine, pubhshed an article on parasites in the 

 same volume of the Practical Entomologist, and in 1866 began an 

 interesting series of articles entitled " Practical Entomology," pub- 

 lished in the Maine Farmer beginning May 3, 1866. Twenty-two of 

 these articles, covering in all a large number of topics, were pub- 

 lished between that date and October 18. He published four addi- 

 tional articles in the same journal the following year. 



Dr. Henry Shinier, of Mt. Carroll, Illinois, a country physician 

 of the old type and a man of much scientific acumen, began to pub- 

 lish on entomological topics in the Prairie Farmer of July i, 1865. 

 In the next six years he published 25 longer or shorter articles, in the 

 same journal, in the Practical Entomologist, in the Proceedings of 

 the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, in the Transac- 

 tions of the American Entomological Society, and in the American 

 Entomologist and Botanist. Doctor Shinier was a very versatile man 

 and a very broad student. He did not hesitate to describe new species, 

 although his library facilities were very small. He was one of the 

 early students of the grapevine Phylloxera in America, and in fact 

 erected in 1866 the genus " Daktulosphaira " for the leaf-gall form. 

 He was a large man of impressive personality, with the abundant hair 

 and long beard common at that time. I remember him well when he 

 called on two occasions in the offices at Washington. His outdoor 

 life had given him the appearance of a well-to-do farmer, rather than 

 that of a professional man. 



Two years later, 1867, appeared the first paper by a writer who was 

 destined to become prominent in the field of economic entomology. 

 This was Prof. A. J. Cook, of Michigan. That year he wrote in a 

 journal known as the Western Rural on the habits of the oak cater- 

 pillar (Dryocampa senatoria), which was followed the next year 

 by another article on the same insect for the same journal. At 

 that time he was Professor of Zoology in the Michigan Agricul- 

 tural College, where he remained until 1894. During his Michigan 

 period he was a prolific writer, and is the author of 78 recorded 

 papers on many aspects of economic entomology. He was not a 

 learned entomologist, but he was a good lecturer and teacher — in 

 fact one of the very earliest to teach entomology. He was an excel- 

 lent popularizer of the subject, and with his practical mind and 

 charming address did a great deal of good as a lecturer before 

 farmers' institutes. In 1894 he left Michigan and went to Pomona 

 College in southern California. There he built up an excellent depart- 



