WHOLE VOL. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY HOWARD 31 



than had as yet been found, but he was not in a position to do any 

 experimentation except to a very Hmited degree in his own garden, 

 and he introduced, I think, no new ideas as to remedies. Several times 

 he came close to the question of the encouragement of natural con- 

 trol, but never hinted at it. Rather obvious points as to variations in 

 farm practice apparently never occurred to him, and, although in one 

 place he recommends poison baits, he does not go into it fully ; and of 

 course the whole idea of poison sprays was brought out years after 

 his death. 



The remedies which he recommended were either borrowed from 

 European writers (probably principally Kollar) or were those which 

 had been suggested by American gardeners or by various writers in 

 the agricultural journals and which were more or less in current use. 



I think it worth while here to analyze briefly the remedial sugges- 

 tions made in the " Treatise on Insects Injurious to \^egetation," in 

 order to display as fully as possible the exact condition of our knowl- 

 edge of those things at the time when Harris wrote. (New ed. 1862.) 



Remedial Suggestions (Harris) 



June beetles. — Shake from the tree in daytime (p. 31). 



Rose beetles. — Hand picking; protect plants with gauze (p. 38). 



IVireivorms. — Collect from sliced potatoes (p. 63). 



Pea weevil. — Keep seed peas over a year in a tight vessel ; also sow late (p. 64). 



Coleopterous borers in trees. — Protect the woodpecker (p. 71). 



Pine weevil. — Cut off shoot in August and burn it ; stick cut branches in the 

 ground in the egg-laying season to trap eggs (p. y:^). 



Plum curculio. — Jarring ; gathering fallen fruit ; spray fruit with whitewash 

 and glue (p. 80). 



Pear-tree Scolytus. — Pruning (p. 91). 



Twig pruners. — Collect and burn fallen twigs (p. 99). 



Clytus larvae. — Wire ; also whitewashing to deter egg-laying ; also heading 

 down the trees and collecting the beetles (p. 102). 



Apple-borers. — Clean culture; camphor in plugged holes (p. 109). 



Flea-beetles. — ^Sprinkling with tobacco and red pepper; watering with Glaubers 

 salt and water, tobacco water, infusions of elder leaves, walnut leaves, hops ; 

 ground plaster of Paris, charcoal dust, powdered soot; sulphur and Scotch snuff; 

 torches; covering with millinet on frames (p. 125). 



Turnip flea-beetle. — Sweeping (p. 131). 

 Blister beetles. — Shaking into pans (p. 139). 



Cockroaches.- — Poisoned baits (p. 145). 



Mole crickets. — Poisoned baits and pigs (p. 150). 



Crickets. — Poisoned baits (p. 151). 



Grasshoppers. — Drag sheets (in New Hampshire) (origin of the hopperdozer 

 idea) (p. 189). 



Squash bugs. — Early hand i)icking and forcing the growth of plants by manur- 

 ing (p. 197). 



