WHOLE VOL. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY HOWARD IIQ 



allowed the entomologists to make very careful studies of these para- 

 sites and of the general subject of parasitism among insects. While 

 there has been nothing spectacular in the results of this side of the 

 investigation, there can be no doubt that the importation of many 

 species of these parasites and natural enemies has resulted in great 

 good. A number of them have been established in this country. And 

 the present condition of the woodlands of New England as contrasted 

 with the conditions that existed 20 years ago is attributable in no 

 small part. I believe, to the destruction of both gipsy moth and brown- 

 tail moth by these imported species. 



The country has been fortunate in the type of men connected with 

 this work from the start. The fine volume published by the State of 

 Massachusetts in 1896, which is a report of the work of the gipsy 

 moth, and was written by E. H. Forbush, Field Director in Charge 

 of Remedial Work, and C H. Fernald, Consulting Entomologist, is 

 a model of its kind. Doctor Fernald continued his active interest in 

 the work as a consultant for many years. Mr. Forbush was active 

 until the State appropriations stopped in 1901. When they were 

 resumed in 1906 he was succeeded by A. H. Kirkland, a former stu- 

 dent of Professor Fernald's, who grew up with the work and who 

 proved to be an inspiring and efficient executive. Later the work was 

 taken over by the State Forester, but the great emergencies had 

 passed, and little more was needed within the invaded States than 

 more or less routine work. 



Of the part that the Federal Bureau of Entomology took in the 

 work, it need only be stated that we entered upon it first in 1905, 

 at the invitation of the State of Massachusetts, and that our efforts 

 were confined for the first few years to the importation of European 

 parasites and their care. Later the Federal Government began to 

 make large appropriations to assist in the prevention of the further 

 spread of the insect ; and in the conduct of that work Mr. A. F. Bur- 

 gess has shown himself to be most efficient and resourceful. He was 

 aided in the quarantine features of the work by Mr. D. M. Rogers, 

 a Massachusetts man, who had been associated with the work from 

 the early days. These quarantine features constituted the first Fed- 

 eral quarantine work against insects done in this country, antedating 

 the establishment of the Federal Horticultural Board by several years. 



THE SAN JOSE SCALE 



When Professor Comstock, in the summer of 1880, found Aspidio- 

 tus perniciosus in the Santa Clara Valley of California he was so 



