WHOLE VOL. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY HOWARD I47 



been flagrant, the manufacturer is given an opportunity to correct 

 his labels, without resort to the courts. Eventually the Board con- 

 siders the matter again, and, if prosecution is decided upon, the 

 Solicitor of the Department of Agriculture is consulted and given 

 the recommendation of the Board. The Solicitor then decides, from 

 the legal point of view, whether or not in his opinion the law has been 

 violated. If it has been violated, the Secretary of Agriculture is 

 appealed to for action. If he agrees with the Board and the Solicitor, 

 the Department of Justice is called in and the case is referred to the 

 proper United States attorney for prosecution. 



Reports of decisions are published from time to time, and the 

 result has been that the public has been protected to a very marked 

 degree and an enormous amount of swindling has been prevented. 

 Without doubt the passage of this act and its subsequent successful 

 administration has been a great step in the fight against insects. It has 

 been an object-lesson to other nations. 



At the beginning of the fiscal year 1928 the Department brought 

 together into one unit, known as the Food, Drug, and Insecticide 

 Administration, a number of regulatory activities as indicated by the 

 title. With this reorganization the Insecticide and Fungicide Board, 

 which had operated since the passage of the act of 1910. ceased to 

 function ; and this new regulatory administration added to its force 

 the entomologists and pathologists previously working under the 

 direction of the Bureau of Entomology and the Bureau of Plant 

 Industry. These experts, however, as under the old Insecticide 

 Board, devote their attention exclusively to the securing of informa- 

 tion concerning proprietary insecticides, fungicides, and disinfec- 

 tants, that will be of use in the enforcement of the act. 



Economic Entomology in the Southern United States 



Climate, occasional outbreaks of yellow fever, the prevalence of 

 the hookworm, and later the Civil War combined to keep the South- 

 ern States behind the front line of progress. The result has been, 

 with economic entomology, that there were no trained workers born 

 and educated in the South until a very recent date. 



There were some early writers who published good things, such 

 as Colonel Edmund Ruffin who wrote on the Angoumois grain moth, 

 and Thomas Affleck, Dr. D. B. Gorham, Dr. D. L. Phares, Dr. E. H. 

 Anderson, Judge W. J. Jones, Prof. J. E. Willet, and Prof. J. P. 

 Stelle, all of whom wrote at some length, principally about the cot- 

 ton caterpillar. Then there were at least three northerners who went 



