158 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL.84 



Following Mr. Craw, other good men sprang up in the service of 

 the State or of the different counties, and today California ranks as 

 one of the soundest States of the Union in matters relating to eco- 

 nomic entomology. Admirahle teaching is conducted at the University 

 of California, at Stanford, and at the School of Tropical Agriculture 

 at Riverside (formerly the Citrus Experiment Station). 



Few States have as good a roll of distinguished workers as Cali- 

 fornia has in her State Department of Agriculture (under the able 

 and enlightened Commissioner, G. H. Hecke) and in her universities 

 and in her county work. W. B. Herms, E. O. Essig, E. C. \^an Dyke, 

 C. W. Woodworth, H. P. Severin, at Berkeley ; S. B. Freeborn at 

 Davis ; H. J. Quayle, and Harry S. Smith at Riverside, are all em- 

 ployees of the State University. R. W. Doane and G. F. Ferris teach 

 sound entomology at Stanford. Mr. Hecke has D. B. Mackie and 

 T. D. Urbahns at Sacramento, and a corps of excellent port inspec- 

 tors at San Francisco under Fred. C. Brosius. Does any State make 

 a better showing? 



Later Work of the Federal Bureau 



In earlier sections we have traced the early growth of the Federal 

 service in applied entomology, and in a later section have spoken 

 especially of the impressive events of the latter portion of the last 

 century that attracted wide-spread attention to the necessity for 

 strenuous efforts to increase the efficiency of economic entomologists 

 and to increase their numbers. 



As the century ended the case was obvious ; there was n(j need for 

 argument. The man at the head of the Department of Agriculture, 

 Mr. James Wilson, had broad views. He knew agriculture. He had 

 been head of one of the great agricultural colleges. He had been a 

 Member of Congress. He therefore grasped the situation and knew 

 what to do and how to do it. Appropriations for the support of the 

 investigations of the entomological service were increased, slowly at 

 first but with increasing rapidity. It will not be important to describe 

 in any detail the steps that followed in more or less ra]Md succession, 

 but in the first five years of the new century we were placed in a posi- 

 tion of vastly greater efficiency, although there was no radical change 

 in policy and the successive stages of growth and reorganization came 

 about gradually and smoothly. 



There occurred toward the end of the century a movement which 

 resulted in a rather radical rearrangement of the working forces of 

 the Department as a whole. There had been but two bureaus — 

 Animal Industry and Weather. The other scientific work had been 



