WHOLE VOL. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY — HOWARD 163 



Series of the then-called Division of Entomology in 1895. It was a 

 good bulletin and had a very large distribution. Mr. Benton con- 

 tinued in office until 1907, when he was succeeded by his assistant, 

 Dr. E. F. Phillips, a well trained morphologist, who had joined the 

 service in the spring of 1905. 



Doctor Phillips continued in office until the autumn of 1924, when 

 he resigned to become Professor of Apiculture in the College of 

 Agriculture of Cornell University. Doctor Phillips was eminently 

 successful in his work for the Department. He conducted many in- 

 vestigations of great value, and published many important bulletins 

 and reports, as did also a number of his trained assistants. 



During his term of office, Doctor Phillips' work greatly strength- 

 ened apiculture in the United States. The industry increased in 

 character and size ; and the advent of the World War, with the con- 

 sequent scarcity of sugar and increased prices due to this scarcity, 

 turned the attention of many people to sugar substitutes, honey natu- 

 rally being the most prominent. 



Doctor Phillips was succeeded in 1924 by Mr. J. I. Hambleton, 

 who has very competently conducted investigations relating to the 

 honey bees that are assuming more and more prominence. 



The new century brought new problems in addition to the three 

 great ones earlier mentioned (the gipsy moth, the San Jose scale and 

 the cotton boll weevil), and the service soon began a phenomenal 

 growth. The larger appropriations really began with the realization 

 of the cotton boll weevil menace. The failure of the legislature of the 

 State of Texas to adopt a law stopping cotton culture in the signifi- 

 cant infested area was followed by State appropriations controlled by 

 State officials and the rather speedy realization that the spread of the 

 insect was not to be controlled except possibly by the aid of Federal 

 funds. Congress was therefore urged to make large appropriations 

 to enable the South to meet the emergency, but these appropriations 

 were largely granted to the Bureau of Plant Industry, in the endeavor 

 to bring about more diversified farming, thus relieving the South 

 from the one-crop condition that existed largely. Certain of the funds 

 were also used by the Bureau of Plant Industry in efforts to breed 

 resistant cotton plants and to investigate the effect of different crop- 

 ping methods. A small portion was given to the Bureau of Ento- 

 mology for strictly entomological investigations. 



As time went on and as the weevil advanced, larger appropriations 

 were given io the entomological service which was made a Bureau 

 in 1904. 



