WHOLE VOL. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY HOWARD 183 



tics of the Canadian Government in August, 1856. The Hind essay 

 was published in excellent form in Toronto, in an attractive red 

 cloth binding. It covers 139 pages and carries a few very fair wood- 

 cuts. I do not know that Professor Hind ever wrote anything else 

 on entomology, but he appears to have made an extensive study of his 

 subject before writing this essay. It is rather discursive, but then 

 that was the custom in those days ; and it goes into other subjects 

 to some extent. The opening chapter considers the general subject 

 of injurious insects, the second chapter discussing classification of 

 insects, and the third taking up the Hessian fly. Chapter IV is devoted 

 to the wheat midge ; Chapter V to the wheat stem fly and other depre- 

 dators ; Chapter VI to rust, smut, pepper brand, and ergot ; and the 

 final chapter gives four pages to the subject of insects affecting stored 

 grain. Chapter II contains two very interesting paragraphs relat- 

 ing to the fomier poor public opinion of entomologists and to the 

 fact that the science of entomology during the preceding 50 years had 

 been " slowly giving way to a more correct appreciation of its value 

 and of the benefits which a general study of its details might confer 

 upon mankind." The author of this interesting volume seems to have 

 read extensively and to have absorbed the works of Harris, Fitch, 

 Curtis, and Kollar, and to have gone further back in his study of the 

 older European entomologists. He seems to have been especially 

 impressed by the writings of Harris and Fitch, and brings together 

 many Canadian reports as to damage, and to have altogether prepared 

 an essay which was extremely creditable for that period. 



The following year (1858) there was published at Toronto another 

 essay on the same subject, this time by G. S. J. Hill. The biblio- 

 graphical records show that it contained 52 pages and was illustrated. 

 I have not seen this work. 



Public support for economic entomology in Canada began in a very- 

 small way in 1870-71, when the legislature of the Province of Ontario 

 incorporated the Entomological Society of Ontario and gave it a 

 grant of $500 per annum from the provincial treasury. 



In 1884 the Department of Agriculture of Canada established the 

 office of Honorary Entomologist, and this office was filled by the 

 appointment of Mr. James Fletcher, at that time an employee of the 

 Government Library at Ottawa and already widely known in ento- 

 mological circles. 



A large share of the credit for the founding of the Ontario Ento- 

 mological Society and for the subsequent Government support is due 

 to Rev. C. J. S. Bethune, for many years head master of the Trinity 

 College School at Port Hope (on the shore of Lake Ontario, not far 



