l88 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 84 



As to the education of the Canadians : There are 23 universities in 

 the Dominion, of which six are state-controlled, four others are non- 

 denominational, and the rest are denominational. The agricultural 

 colleges are institutions which are more or less independent, such as 

 those called Nova Scotia, McDonald, Oka, St. Anne Pocatiere, On- 

 tario, and Manitoba. However, these agricultural colleges are practi- 

 cally all affiliated with some university empowered to give degrees. 

 Thus, McDonald Agricultural College is affiliated with McGill Uni- 

 versity, Oka Agricultural College with the University of Montreal, 

 and St. Aruie Pocatiere with Laval University. All of the agricultural 

 colleges teach entomology, and in the faculties of the universities that 

 have no agricultural departments it is also taught to some extent. For 

 example, the University of Toronto gives sound instruction in ento- 

 mology under Dr. E. M. Walker ; and Dr. Norma Ford of that 

 university has done some admirable research work. 



A number of the agricultural colleges, such as the Nova Scotia 

 College at Truro and the very well known Ontario Agricultural Col- 

 lege at Guelph, give tw^o-year courses and grant associate diplomas. 

 The final two years are taken at other institutions in order to get the 

 degree. In the case of Guelph, the final two years are taken at the 

 University of Toronto ; in the case of Truro the candidate may go 

 elsewhere. A notable example of an associate-diploma man from 

 Truro is Loren B. vSmith, of the United States Bureau, who later 

 took his degree at Cornell. In fact, a number of good Canadians have 

 finished their courses at American universities. Dr. A. C. Baker, of 

 the Federal Bureau, a Guelph man, is a notable example ; as also is 

 Dr. W. R. Thompson, for many years in charge of the United States 

 Bureau's laboratory in the south of France and at present Director 

 of the Parasite Laboratory of the Imperial Bureau of Entomology at 

 Farnham Royal, England. 



Doctor Baker has called my attention to one idea adopted by the 

 Canadians which, it seems, might well be used in the United States. 

 A young man entering a Canadian agricultural college, looking 

 towards a degree, must give evidence that he has a practical knowl- 

 edge of all the usual agricultural operations. If he has been raised on 

 a farm, this is taken for granted, but if not he must give evidence 

 that he has worked on a farm and must bring with him a certificate 

 from the farmer with whom he has worked that he is familiar with 

 all farm operations. Doctor Baker himself was reared in towns and 

 cities, and, wishing to take work at the Ontario Agricultural College. 

 had to hire out as a farm laborer with a progressive farmer for a 

 sufficient length of time to get experience in everything, such as 



