WHOLE VOL. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY HOWARD 21/ 



of March 26, 1748. In 1780 " The Society of Entomologists of 

 London" was formed, but it had no long existence. In 1801 "The 

 Aurelian Society " was formed, and out of it grew the Entomological 

 Society of London. It is worth while to quote the objects of the 

 Aurelian Society, since they indicate an appreciation of the injuries 

 done by insects and a desire to counteract them : 



To form a complete and standard cabinet of the entomological productions of 

 Great Britain : — To ascertain their names, uses, and distinctions : — the places and 

 times of their appearance, food, economy, and peculiarities : — and to point 

 out to the public the readiest and most desirable methods of destroying such 

 as possess properties that are inimical to the welfare of mankind. 



In 1812 a single volume was published as Volume i of the Trans- 

 actions of the Entomological Society of London, but the present 

 Entomological Society of London dates from 1832. It brought to- 

 gether a number of admirable men, and this number increased rapidly 

 during the rest of the century. These men studied with great care 

 practically all of the insects of Great Britain. The Irishman, A. H. 

 Haliday, and the Scotchiuan, Andrew Murray, were included in the 

 long list of British entomologists whose researches spread out far 

 beyond the insect fatma of the British Isles and resulted in the publi- 

 cation of very many volumes on the classification of insects and on 

 other aspects of entomological science. 



Probably no other language is quite as fortunate as English in the 

 possession of two such comprehensive and inspiring works as Prof. 

 J. O. Westwood's "An Introduction to the Modern Classification of 

 Insects Founded on the Natural Habits and Corresponding Organi- 

 zation of the DifTerent Families," published in London in two volumes 

 in 1839 and 1840, and the much later work, also in two volumes, by 

 Dr. David Sharp, published in 1895 and 1899 as Volumes 5 and 6 of 

 " The Cambridge Natural History." Both Westwood and Sharp were 

 men who had been students of insects all their lives and who had 

 published very many important papers on difYerent aspects of ento- 

 mology before bringing out these large works. Both works may be 

 said to be epoch-making, and each author summarized in a most 

 admirable way not only the results of his own long labors but the 

 status of entomological science in general at the period at which 

 they wrote. 



And now to go into strictly applied entomology : One of the early 

 practical books was published in London in 1829 and was written by 

 Joshua Major, a landscape gardener. The title of the book is "A 

 Treatise on the Insects Most Prevalent on Fruit Trees and Garden 

 Produce, Giving an Account of the Different States They Pass 

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