WHOLE VOL. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY HOWARD 221 



four reports, and in 1886 he was formally appointed Agricultural 

 Adviser, and published another report. In 1889 the Board of Agri- 

 culture was formed, and Mr. Whitehead was retained as Technical 

 Adviser and prepared several annual reports and a number of leaf- 

 lets and special bulletins.^ There was no specific law authorizing the 

 expenditure for this work, but he continued it on an annual compen- 

 sation of 250 pounds for many years. 



In the meantime a wealthy lady, Miss Eleanor A. Ormerod, who 

 had long been interested in entomology and whose brother Edward, 

 a physician, had written the monograph, " The British Social Wasps," 

 was appointed Honorary Consulting Entomologist to the Royal Agri- 

 cultural Society in 1877. She conducted the correspondence of the 

 Society on the subject of injurious insects and published at her own 

 expense a series of annual reports, 17 in number, which contributed 

 very largely to the diffusion of knowledge concerning injurious 

 insects among the farming classes. She had a most conservative class 

 of people to deal with, and encountered many obstacles. She showed 

 herself possessed of great enthusiasm and unlimited perseverance. 

 She studied many of the English crops de novo ; she popularized the 

 work of other English entomologists, and made accessible to the 

 farmers the work of John Curtis and Professor Westwood. Her 

 papers were all well illustrated, and her sister. Miss Georgina 

 Ormerod, drew many of her figures. Moreover, she adopted and 

 strongly advocated measures found to be successful in other coun- 

 tries, especially in America. She conducted a very large correspon- 

 dence with entomologists in other parts of the world, perhaps most 

 voluminously with Dr. James Fletcher and Dr. C. J. S. Bethune of 

 Canada, and Professor Riley and myself in the United States. Her 

 hardest struggle in England was to introduce the use of Paris green. 

 English gardeners and orchardists and the authorities were all against 

 her. But she finally succeeded, and always considered it one of her 

 greatest triumphs. 



During this period also she published a large Manual of Injurious 

 Insects (1892). It contained 230 pages and was illustrated by 160 

 figures. She also published in 1898 an excellent volume entitled 

 " Handbook of Insects Injurious to Orchard and Bush Fruits." This 

 book covered 286 pages and was very well illustrated. She also pub- 

 lished smaller works relating to the Hessian fly, sugar cane insects, 

 and the injurious insects of South Africa. Miss Ormerod died in 



* Miss Ormerod, mentioned later, helped him in this work. This help was not 

 acknowledged in print, but is mentioned in Miss Ormerod's published correspon- 

 dence with Dr. James Fletcher. 



