WHOLE VOL. APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY HOWARD 233 



date in the warble flies and made a series of excellent observations 

 on the life history of these destructive enemies to live stock. He was 

 a naturalist during his whole career in Ireland and published many 

 technical papers including a number of especial value on the Aptery- 

 gota of ditTerent parts of the world. 



In 1 92 1 Carpenter left Dublin and has since been working at Man- 

 chester, England, in the Manchester Museum, where he combines 

 fundamental work with a certain amount of applied entomology. He 

 has published a number of books of great importance, among them 

 "Insect Transformation" (London, 1921), "Insects, Their Struc- 

 ture and Life" (London, 1924), and "The Biology of Insects" 

 (London, 1928). 



At some time during his stay in Ireland Carpenter was Professor 

 of Zoology in the Royal College of Science, Dublin. As part of his 

 work, he gave a course in agricultural zoology to the agricultural 

 students of the College, and naturally the greater part of this course 

 dealt with economic entomology. There was no section in the College 

 dealing with entomology alone, or even with agricultural zoology 

 alone. Shortly after Carpenter left Ireland the Royal College of 

 Science ceased to exist as a separate institution, and the National 

 University of Ireland took over control of all of the work that had 

 previously been done in the College of Science. This led to the estab- 

 lishment of a new faculty of agriculture in the National University 

 in 1927, and separate departments were created that had not existed 

 previously in the College of Science. A separate Department of 

 Agricultural Zoology was thus established. During the transition 

 period (1923 to 1928) Mr. E. J. Sheehy. who had at one time been 

 Carpenter's assistant, continued to give the course in agricultural 

 zoology that had previously been given by Professor Carpenter. This 

 was a temporary arrangement, and during that period no attention 

 was paid to research in entomology. 



Mr. J. Carroll, a young Irishman, in 1925 and 1926 had spent his 

 time in London at the Imperial College of Science and Technology 

 pursuing advanced study and research in entomology. In 1927 he 

 was sent to the LTnited States to continue these studies, and returned 

 to Dublin after the Fourth International Congress of Entomology 

 at Ithaca, New York in August, 1928. He was then given charge of 

 the new Department of Agricultural Zoology. He writes me that the 

 Department is not yet fully staffed but that it is making steady prog- 

 ress. His work includes a course in agricultural zoology for the agri- 

 cultural students of the University, and the greater part of this course, 

 naturally, deals with economic entomology. Most of his time is free 

 16 



