236 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL.84 



injurious to agriculture, horticulture and silviculture in the Depart- 

 ment of the Moselle. This publication is referred to appreciatively 

 by Boisduval, who states that it relates principally to insects attacking 

 fruit trees and is of great interest. 



In 1840 J. A. Fonscolombe published a work entitled (translatetl) 

 " Memoirs Concerning Insects Injurious to Agriculture, principally 

 in the Department of the Midi of France." 



Col. C. C. Goreau (1790-1879) was a very prolific writer and 

 published many short papers relating to injurious insects. One of his 

 interesting contributions was on the Diptera that mine the leaves of 

 plants and on their parasites. He was a close observer of parasites, 

 and he wrote concerning the species that attack the Hyponomeutas, 

 and again, upon the ravages of Cecidomyia tritici and its parasites. 

 In 1862 he published a large volume of 250 pages under the title 

 " Injurious insects," including accounts of insects injurious to fruit 

 trees, vegetables, cereals, and forage crops. Later two supplements 

 to this work were published. 



In 1867 Dr. J. P). A. D. Boisduval published a large book of 650 

 pages, with 426 excellent woodcuts, entitled (translated) " Essay on 

 Horticultural Entomology, Comprising the History of Insects In- 

 jurious to Agriculture, with an Indication of the Best Means of 

 Destroying Them." This book was prepared by Doctor Boisduval in 

 order to meet the needs of a large number of members of the different 

 horticultural societies. In the same year he started a journal called 

 " Insectologie Agricole," treating of useful insects and their products, 

 noxious insects and their injuries, and practical means of combating 

 the latter. Six volumes appeared, comprising the years 1867 to 1872. 



After the publication of his big book. Doctor Boisduval. greatly 

 interested in the whole subject of the imjxjrtance of insects to agri- 

 culture, and being one of the Vice-Presidents of the Horticultural 

 Society of Paris, organized a Society for Agricultural Entomology, 

 of which he became President. This Society organized, during the 

 month of August, 1868, an exhibition in the Palace of Industry in 

 the Champs Ely sees illustrating the destructive and beneficial habits 

 of the different species of insects. It was the announcement of this 

 exhibit in the Gardeners Chronicle that induced the ]\oyal Horticul- 

 tural Society of England to have a similar collection prepared and 

 dis])layed in England, and this was one of the events that helped to 

 focus the attention of the late ]\Iiss Eleanor A. Ormerod almost 

 exclusively on agricultural entomology. 



It happened that the Marechal Vaillant was President of the Horti- 

 cultural Society of Paris at the time that Boisduval finished the prepa- 



